An Update Review on Autoimmune Disease
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/n0mwqb56Keywords:
Autoimmune Diseases, Autoimmunity, Autoantibodies, Autoantigens, B Cells, Pathological Conditions, T-Cells, Tissue-SpecificAbstract
Autoimmune diseases are the pathological conditions which are identified by the abnormal autoimmune responses and characterized by the reactivity of the immune system by auto antibodies and T-cell responses to self-molecules. Rheumatoid arthritis, vasculitis and systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus) are some other severe autoimmune disorders. Human autoimmune diseases (AD) frequently occur (in general, affecting higher than 5% of the world's population) and put a major burden on the human population of morbidity and mortality. AD is characterized as diseases in which the immune response to particular self-antigens leads to the ongoing damage to the tissue that occurs in that state. ADs can either be tissue-specific (e.g., thyroid, pancreatic β-cells), aimed at particular tissue specific antigens, or even more systemic affecting several tissues, and targeting a range of seemingly widely expressed autoantigens. Autoimmune diseases are some of the leading causes of death and injury in females below the age of 65. Autoimmune disease development depends on a combination of the environmental and genetic factors. A more practical distinction distinguishes between disorders in which the proliferation, death or regulation of T or B cells is normally altered and those in that an aberrant reaction to a single antigen, whether self-related or foreign, induces autoimmunity.
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