The Effect Of immune molecules in protection against COVID 19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/wxhhh932Keywords:
covid 19, CD45, CD74Abstract
project attempts to estimate the manifestation of stimulated indicators on pBL ,as the manifestation of CD45 & CD74 in patients infected with COVID19 assessment of TNF-α and IL-8 serum ranks in patients with COVID 19 , associate the consequences of pBL –stimulation indicators appearance and serological valuation
of TNF-α &IL-8 using multiple infection phases.
A total of (24) positive patients for COVID19 were screened for this study .Patients attended general lab. of Al-Muthanna province , because of abdominal pain ,pulmonary distress , fever and coughing any samples expressed positive for COVID19 directly choose to show level of TNF-α & IL-8 in serum of patient and show expression of CD45 and CD74 in pBL in HCV patients. Results showed that serum samples were analyzed for IL-8 & TNF-α by ELISA , showed highly significant increases (p<0.05) in serum level of covid 19 patients as compared with healthy control groups , acute covid 19 revealed high as well as , increases in serum level of TNF-α significantly(p<0.05) ,while moderate cases of disease express high increase in serum level of IL-8 significantly(p<0.05).Activated markers study revealed high expression of CD74 & CD45 in covid 19 patients as compared with healthy normal groups ,where acute covid 19 patients were showed significantly(p<0.05) high expression in CD74 & CD45 compared with other covid 19 patients .
Downloads
References
[1] P. Zhou, X.L. Yang, X.G. Wang, et al., A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin, Nature (2020), https://doi.org/ 10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7.
[2] E. de Wit, N. van Doremalen, D. Falzarano, et al., SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses, Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 14 (2016) 523e534, https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro.2016.81.
[3] J.T. Wu, K. Leung, G.M. Leung, Nowcasting and forecasting the potential domestic and international spread of the 2019-nCoV outbreak originating in Wuhan, China: a modelling study, Lancet (2020), https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0140-6736(20)30260-9.
[4] S. Su, G. Wong, W. Shi, et al., Epidemiology, Genetic recombination, and pathogenesis of coronaviruses, Trends Microbiol. 24 (2016) 490e502, https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2016.03.003.
[5] S. Perlman, J. Netland Coronaviruses post-SARS: update on replication and pathogenesis, Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 7 (2009) 439e450, https://doi.org/10.1038/ nrmicro2147
[6] J. Liu, P. Wu, F. Gao, et al., Novel immunodominant peptide presentation strategy: a featured HLA-A*2402-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitope stabilized by intrachain hydrogen bonds from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nucleocapsid protein, J. Virol. 84 (2010) 11849e11857, https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01464-10.
[7] N. Keicho, S. Itoyama, K. Kashiwase, et al., Association of human leukocyte antigen class II alleles with severe acute respiratory syndrome in the Vietnamese population, Hum. Immunol. 70 (2009) 527e531, https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.humimm.2009.05.006.
[8] Y.M. Chen, S.Y. Liang, Y.P. Shih, et al., Epidemiological and genetic correlates of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in the hospital with the highest nosocomial infection rate in Taiwan in 2003, J. Clin. Microbiol. 44
(9) 359e365, https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.44.2.359-365.2006.
[9] S.F. Wang, K.H. Chen, M. Chen, et al., Human-leukocyte antigen class I Cw1502 and class II DR 0301 genotypes are associated with resistance to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) infection, Viral Immunol. 24 (2011) 421e426, https://doi.org/10.1089/vim.2011.0024.
[10] A.H. Hajeer, H. Balkhy, S. Johani, et al., Association of human leukocyte antigen class II alleles with severe Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus infection, Ann. Thorac. Med. 11 (2016) 211e213, https://doi.org/10.4103/ 1817-1737.185756.
[11] X. Tu, W.P. Chong, Y. Zhai, et al., Functional polymorphisms of the CCL2 and MBL genes cumulatively increase susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection, J. Infect. 71 (2015) 101e109, https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jinf.2015.03.006.
[12] G. Li, X. Chen, A. Xu, Profile of specific antibodies to the SARS-associated coronavirus, N. Engl. J. Med. 349 (2003) 508e509, https://doi.org/10.1056/ NEJM200307313490520.
[13] Z. Xu, L. Shi, Y. Wang, et al., Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome, Lancet Resp. Med. (2020), https:// doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30076-X.
[14] Y.Y. Fan, Z.T. Huang, L. Li, et al., Characterization of SARS-CoV-specific memory T cells from recovered individuals 4 years after infection, Arch. Virol. 154 (2009) 1093e1099, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-009-0409-6.
[15] F. Tang, Y. Quan, Z.T. Xin, et al., Lack of peripheral memory B cell responses in recovered patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome: a six-year follow up
Followup study, J. Immunol. 186 (2011) 7264e7268, https://doi.org/10.4049/ jimmunol.0903490.
[16] J. Zhao, K. Li, C. Wohlford-Lenane, et al., Rapid generation of a mouse model for Middle East respiratory syndrome, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 111 (2014) 4970e4975, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1323279111.
[17] A.E. Williams, R.C. Chambers, The mercurial nature of neutrophils: still an enigma in ARDS? Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 306 (2014) L217eL230, https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00311.2013.
[18] R. Channappanavar, S. Perlman, Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology, Semin. Immunopathol. 39 (2017) 529e539, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-017- 0629-x.
[19] M.J. Cameron, J.F. Bermejo-Martin, A. Danesh, et al., Human immunopathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Virus Res. 133 (2008) 13e19, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2007.02.014.
[20] C.K. Min, S. Cheon, N.Y. Ha, et al., Comparative and kinetic analysis of viral shedding and immunological responses in MERS patients representing a broad spectrum of disease severity, Sci. Rep. 6 (2016) 25359, https://doi.org/ 10.1038/srep25359
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
