Women Entrepreneurs in Rural Sindh: Issues and Challenges
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/8n4eby62Keywords:
Issues, Challenges, Problem of capital, Family and social problem, Issues of Education and skills, Problem of resources, Women EntrepreneurAbstract
Rural women constitute the family that prompts society and country. General improvement of women is vital for the improvement of society and country. The research is useful for understand the different challenges and issues in self-employment, as women facing more challenges with comparison to men as they faced the people, can convince their parents, society not restrict them they established their business.The research investigates the issues and challenges faced by women enttrepreneurs in rural Sindh. The objective of research was to explore the problems which are being faced by women entrepreneurs. Data were collected from 353 women by using quantitative method. The quantitative research conducted with questionnaire of 4 independent variables and one dependent variable with 26 items on 5 point likert scale. The simple random sampling technique used for sampling the population of disitrictShaheedBenazirabad and survey filled from the 353 respondents with varying marital status, education, and age. The response rate of this study was 88.25%. Outcome from all hypothesizes reveals that all the independent variables positively influence the women entrepreneur. All the four independent variables have positive relationship with the dependant variable of women entrepreneur, whereas, issues of educational and skills has the higher relationship as compared to other independent variables. The findings also present sustainability to all the hypothesis, particularly hypothesis H1 to H4 interprets increased effect on women entrepreneur’s problems, when women entrepreneurs understand that hypothesis H3 also shows more increase in issues of education and skills with positive significant relationship and problem of resources is being insignificant in regression analysis. Results also revealed that generally all the independent variable has positive relationship with women entrepreneurs.
By concluding the results, it has been observed that independent variables; family and social problem, issues of education and skills, problem of resources and problem of capital have impact on the women entrepreneurs of rural areas of Sindh.
Downloads
References
1. Aldrich, H (1989) "Networking among Women Entrepreneurs". In Women owned Businesses. Ed G. Hagan, and D. Sexton, New York, Praeger, 103 32.
2. Aslam A., M., Latif, M. W., Aslam (2013). Problems Faced by Women Entrepreneurs and Their Impact on Working Efficiency of Women in Pakistan. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 18 (8), 1204-1215.
3. Aisha and Akram et al., (2009) Thesis on “Problems faced by entrepreneur/self-employed rural Female”
4. Anitha, Pharm, D., Sritharan, R., (2013). Problems Being Faced By Women Entrepreneurs in Rural Areas. The International Journal of Engineering And Science, 2, 52-55.
5. Begum, R. (1993) “Entrepreneurship in Small-scale Industry: A Case Study of Engineering Units”, Dhaka University Journal of Business Studies, Vol.14, pp. 159-162.
6. Cichello, Pual (2006) Percieved barriers to entry into selfemployement in khayelitsha,South africa:crime,risk,and start up capital dominate concerns.
7. Curtain, R. (2002), “Generating Youth Employment through Information and Communication Technologies: Best Practice Examples in Asia and the Pacific”, Education Development Centre, Newton, MA.
8. Chichello, Pual. L. (2005). Hinderances to Self-employement activity:evidence from khayelitsha Mitchell's plain survey. Center for social science research university if capt town.
9. Carlos, f. L. (2010) Factors affecting entrepreneurial intention levels: a role for education. Springer science- business media.
10. Clark, K.B. and L. Summers (2002), “The dynamics of youth unemployment”, in The Youth Labor Market Problem: Its Nature, Causes and Consequences, Freeman, R. And D. Wise (eds.), pp. 199–234, University of Chicago Press.
11. Curtain, R. (2002), “Generating Youth Employment through Information and Communication Technologies: Best Practice Examples in Asia and the Pacific”, Education Development Centre, Newton, MA.
12. Carter S., (2000). Financial problems faced by women entrepreneurs in rural areas. Journal of Business and Management, 4(1), 56-62.
13. Creswell, J.W. (2003) Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (2nd edition). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
14. Dr. Anita Mehta and Dr. Mukund Chandra Mehta (Dec. 2011),”Rural Women Entrepreneurship in India: Opportunities and challenges”. International Conference on Humanities, Geography and Economics (ICHGE'2011), Dec. 2011,pg. 313.
15. Dr. A.B. Siddiqui,” Problems Encountered by Women Entrepreneurs in India”.
16. Denzin, N. (2007), Handbook of Qualitative Research, ways of selecting the research designs and techniques, London: Sage Publications
17. Faraha Nawaz (May 2009) "Critical Factors of Women Entrepreneurship Development in Rural Bangladesh".
18. Faridi, M. Z., Chaudhry, I. S. &Mumtaz, A. (2009). The socio economic and demographic determinants of women work participation in Pakistan: Evidence from Bahawalpur District. A Research Journal of South Asian Studies, 24(2), 351-367.
19. HarBakhsh Makhijani1,*, Muhammad Ismail Kumbhar2, Shuhab Mughal3 and UroojTalpur (2015),”Women Entrepreneurship: Problems Faced by Rural Women Entrepreneurs in Sindh Province of Pakistan”,Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences, 2015, 11, 274-277.
20. Hafeez, A., &Eatzaz A. (2002). Factors determining the labour force Participation decision of Education Married Women in Pakistan. Sustainable Development Policy Institute. (Working Paper Series No. 174.
21. Hill, M. A. (1983). Female Labour Force participation in Developed and Developing Countries: Consideration of the Informal Sector. Review of Economics and Statistics, 65, 459-468.
22. International Journal of Applied Research & Studies,ISSN 2278 – 9480.
23. Jones, M.K. and Latreille P.L. (2011), Disability and self-employment: evidence for the UK. Applied Economics 43: 4161-4178.
24. Jyoti, Bahl (2012). Status of women entrepreneurship in rural India. Asian Journal of Multidimensional Research, 1-2, 37-51.
25. Jyoti Rani & Sanjay Kumar Sinha (2016), “Barriers Facing Women Entrepreneurs in Rural India: A Studyin Haryana”, Amity Journal of Entrepreneurship 1(1), (86-100) 2016.
26. Lumpkin, G. &Dess, G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of Management Review.
27. Patel B. And Chavda K., 2013. Rural Entrepreneurship in India: Challenge and Problems, International Journal of Advance Research in Computer Science and Management Studies, Volume 1, Issue 2, July2013.
28. Martins, S. (2004) Barriers to Entrepreneurship and business creation. European Entrepreneurship Cooperation.
29. Maxwell, J. (2006), Research designs and methodology: An interactive approach. Thousand Oaks, CA. Sage.
30. Minniti, M., Bygrave, D. &Autio, E. (2005), Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. Babson College, MA, US and London Business School, UK.
31. Manjunatha K. (2013). The Rural Women Entrepreneurial Problems. Journal of Business and Management, 14-4, 18-21, retrieved on 05 May 2015 from www.iosrjournals.org.
32. MISAL DILIP M (2016), “WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS”, BIOINFO Sociology, ISSN: 2249-1678, E-ISSN: 2249-1686, Volume-5 Issue-1, 2016, pp.-74-76.
33. Nayyar, Poojaet. Al. (2007), “Causes and Constraints Faced by Women Entrepreneurs in Entrepreneurial Process”, The Journal of Social Science. 14(2): 99-102.
34. Nazarmohideen (2005). Women Entrepreneurship and Small Scale Industries. New Delhi.
35. Pathan, Z. H., Moinuddin, Q. M., Rashidi, R.S., (2012). Problems Faced by Female Entrepreneurs of Sindh. IJAFM Universal Research, 2, 53-61.
36. PoojaNayyar, Avinash Sharma, JatinderKishtwaria, ArunaRana and NeenaVyas(2007),”Causes and Constraints Faced by Women Entrepreneurs in Entrepreneurial Process”, J. Soc. Sci., 14(2): 99-102.
37. Prof. Shabana a. Memon (May 2012), “a study of women entrepreneurship development in kolhapur city”, ZENITH International Journal of Business Economics & Management Research, Vol.2 Issue 5, May 2012, ISSN 2249 8826.
38. Pharm A and Sritharan R. Problems Being Faced By Women Entrepreneurs in Rural Areas. The international journal of Engineering and Science, 2013, 2(9).
39. Parveen K. Development of Rural Women Entrepreneurs through Workshop Training. Research Journal of Management Sciences. 2014, 3(2).
40. Qureshi, J. A. (2010), 'The Role Small and Medium-size Enterprises in the Socio-economic Sustainability in Karachi,' Unpublished M. Phil Thesis, Indus Institute of Higher Education, Karachi.
41. Qureshi, J. A. (2012), Financing Ready-made Micro Businesses: A Case Study of National Bank of Pakistan, Journal of Independent studies and Research, Vol 10, No. 1
42. Reddi, P.N. (2001), “Problems of Women Entrepreneurs in Goa: A pilot study”. Khadigramodyog, 37(4): 157-159.
43. Ray, S. And I.A. 2011. Women Entrepreneurship In India: Some Critical Issues And Challenges. Entrepreneurs International Journal Of Contemporary Business, Human Resource Studies, pp: 1-14.
44. Rakesh Kumar Gautam, Dr. K. Mishra (2016),” Study on rural women entrepreneurship in India: Issues and Challenges”, International Journal of Applied Research, IJAR 2016; 2(2): 33-36.
45. Raju S, Bhuvaneswari H. A Study on Rural Entrepreneurship with Sivaganga District. Global Journal for Research Analysis, 2014, 3(3).
46. Storey, D.J. (2004) Understanding the Small Business Sector, Thomson, London.
47. Storey, D.J. and Greene, F.J. (2010), Entrepreneurship and Small Businesses, Pearsons: Harlow.
48. State Bank of Pakistan (2011), Microfinance Initiatives by SBP, retrieved on 10 August 2017 www.sbp.org.pk.
49. Sana, S. Hina, S. & Tauqeer, Syed (2011), Factors responsible for low inclination towards Entrepreneurship in Public Sector Institutions of Pakistan, Journal of Public Administration and Governance, Vol 1. No: 1.
50. Suanders, M., Thornhill, A. And Lewis, P. (2009) Research methods for business students, New Jersey: Pearson.
51. Sharme A.et.al., 2012.Micro enterprise development and rural women entrepreneurship: way for economic empowerment. ArthPrabhand: A Journal of Economics and Management.vol.1, issue6 September 2012.
52. Senthilkumar, Vasantha, Varadharajan, Role of Women Entrepreneurs in Prambalur District (Tamil Nadu) Asian Academic Research Journal of Multidisciplinary, 2012, 1(1).
53. Tunio, N. Q. (2009), Impact of NBP Karobar Financing Scheme on the Residents of Karachi, ARM Project Report, SZABIST, Karachi.
54. The Vietnam Women Entrepreneurs Council (VWEC) September 2007.
55. Thi, Q. T. (2008). Determinants of Self-employment: The Case in Vietnam. CES Working Paper No. 38.
56. Watson J. (2003), Failure Rates for Female-Controlled Businesses: Are They Any Different? Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 41 (3), pp. 262-277.
57. ZulfiqarHussainPathan, Dr. Qazi Muhammad Moinuddin (September 2012),” Problems Faced by Female Entrepreneurs of Sindh”, International Journal of Accounting and Financial Management (IJAFM), ISSN: 2322-2107 Vol.2.
58. Zikmund, W.G. (2012) Business research methods, Mason: South Western Cengage Learning.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
