Re- Socialization of Probationers in West Bengal: The need of Sociological Re-integration of Ex-Probationers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/mzgft060Keywords:
Probation, Incarceration, Ex-Probationers, Probation Officer, SupervisionAbstract
Over the years after the gradual development of modern criminological thinking, probation evolved as a viable means of reformation and also an alternative to incarceration. Probation is such a system which acts as a bridge to fill the so-called gap created between the harsh realities of our Penal Code and the modern trend in penology directed to humanize the criminal laws. It is believed that if a man deviates from the path of rectitude, he can be directed to the right path through proper assistance and guidance. If an offender commits an offence it may be because of necessity, inadvertence or being in association with bad characters or just to wreck vengeance. Probation deals with such first-time offenders under conditional suspension of their sentence after being convicted and they are placed under the supervision of a probation officer subject to certain conditions solely with a view to reestablish and rehabilitate them in the society. The author in the present paper has tried to highlight how far the Probation system proved to be a success in re-socializing the probationers into the mainstream of the society by undertaking an empirical study of the ex-probationers of West Bengal.
Downloads
References
1. ‘Probation Year, 1971’ a booklet published by the Central Bureau of Correctional Services, Department of Social Welfare, Govt. of India (1971)
2. ‘Probation & Related Measures’ published by the Department of Social Affair, United Nations at the request of Social Commissionand the Economic and Social Council (1950-51)
3. ‘Probation and Social Adjustment’ written jointly by Dr. Jay Rumney, Professor of Sociology in the Newark College of Arts and Sciences, under Rutgers Universityand by Joseph. P. Murphy, Chief Probation Officer of the Essex County Probation Office in New Jersey (Published By Rutgers University Press, New Burnswick, New Jersey in 1952)
4. ‘Probation System in the Administration of Criminal Justice System’ written by Nirmal Kanti Chakrabarti , New Delhi, 1996
5. Chakrabarti & Dube, ‘Principles of Criminology, Criminal Law & Investigation, (2018), S.C.Sarkar & Sons Pub. Kolkata.
6. Job Chart for Probation Officers, West Bengal framed and circulated by Jails Department, Govt. of West Bengal (No.378-SJL dated 07.03.2005)
7. Literature on 49th Course on Crime and Justice published by the National Institute of Criminology and Forensic Science, Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India (1992)
8. Literatures on probation of Offenders in criminal Justice system published by the Faculty members of the Academy of Prison & Correctional Administration, Vellore, Tamilnadu.
9. N.K. Chakrabarti, Probation System in Administration of Criminal Justice (1997), Deep & Deep, New Delhi
10. N.V. Paranjape, Criminology & Penology with Victimology, (2012), Central Law Publishing, Allahabad
11. Proceedings of the ‘All India Conference of the Correctional Officers’ held in Calcutta from 9th to 11th November, 1956 published by the Indian Correctional Association, Madras (1957)
12. Report of the Jail Reforms Committee (1950-51) published from Madras
13. S.C. Raina, Probation: Philosophy, Law & Practise, Regency Publications, New Delhi, 1996
14. Syed Mohd. Afzal Qadri, Ahmed Siddique’s Criminology & Penology (2014), Eastern Book Co., Lucknow.
15. The West Bengal Offenders (Release on Admonition and Probation) Act, 1954 and The West Bengal Probation of Offenders Rules, 1960
16. Training Handbook for Probation Officers of West Bengal, 2005 published by the Department of Correctional Services, Government of West Bengal (2005)
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
