Cyber-bullying among adolescent at school: A literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/hvtw8470Keywords:
cyber-bullying, cyber-victimization, bullying, school adolescent,, digital aggressionAbstract
Changes in aggressive student behavior in the digital age have modernized a new type of bullying, cyber-bullying. Cyber-bullying has become a new spotlight for scientists because it is a new form of bullying in the digital age. Many studies that have discussed cyber-bullying include the causes of cyber-bullying, the impact of cyber-bullying, and the protective actions of cyber-bullying. However, the research is still discussed separately. This study uses the literature review method to reveal the causes of cyber-bullying, the impact of cyber-bullying, and the protective actions of cyber-bullying in schools. There are 52 articles on Taylor and Francis's online and The National Center for Biotechnology Information. The main findings show that cyber- bullying is caused by family factors, social skills, etc. Cyber-bullying can cause emotional problems such as symptoms of depression and anxiety. Cyber-bullying protective measures include limiting internet access, monitoring student activity, etc. This study has implications for school stakeholders to determine methods of reducing cyber-bullying in schools.
Downloads
References
Al Qudah, M. F., Al-Barashdi, H. S., Hassan, E. M. A. H., Albursan, I. S., Heilat, M. Q., Bakhiet, S. F. A., & Al-
Khadher, M. A. (2020). Psychological Security, Psychological Loneliness, and Age as the Predictors of Cyber- Bullying Among University Students. Community Mental Health Journal, 56(3), 393–403. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-019-00455-z
Alvarez-Garcia, D., Nunez, J. C., Gonzalez-Castro, P., Rodriguez, C., & Cerezo, R. (2019). The Effect of Parental Control on Cyber-Victimization in Adolescence: The Mediating Role of Impulsivity and High-Risk Behaviors. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1159. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01159
Antoniadou, N., & Kokkinos, C. M. (2015). Cyber and school bullying: Same or different phenomena? Aggression and Violent Behavior. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2015.09.013
Aoyama, I., Yanagida, T., & Wright, M. F. (2018). Emotional responses to bullying among Japanese adolescents: Gender, context, and incidence visibility. International Journal of School & Educational Psychology, 6(2), 90–
98. https://doi.org/10.1080/21683603.2017.1291388
Bauman, S., Toomey, R. B., & Walker, J. L. (2013). Associations among bullying, cyberbullying, and suicide in high school students. Journal of Adolescence, 36(2), 341–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.12.001
Blair, J. (2003). New breed of bullies torment their peers on the internet. Education Week, 22(21), 6.
Bonanno, R. A., & Hymel, S. (2013). Cyber bullying and internalizing difficulties: above and beyond the impact of traditional forms of bullying. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42(5), 685–697. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-013-9937-1
Bussey, K., Fitzpatrick, S., & Raman, A. (2015). The Role of Moral Disengagement and Self-Efficacy in Cyberbullying. Journal of School Violence, 14(1), 30–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2014.954045
Calvete, E., Orue, I., Estévez, A., Villardón, L., & Padilla, P. (2010). Cyberbullying in adolescents: Modalities and aggressors’ profile. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(5), 1128–1135. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.03.017
Campbell, M., Spears, B., Slee, P., Butler, D., & Kift, S. (2012). Victims’ perceptions of traditional and cyberbullying, and the psychosocial correlates of their victimisation. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 17(3–4), 389–
401. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632752.2012.704316
Campbell, M., Whiteford, C., & Hooijer, J. (2019). Teachers’ and parents’ understanding of traditional and cyberbullying. Journal of School Violence, 18(3), 388–402. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2018.1507826
Casas, J. A., Del Rey, R., & Ortega-Ruiz, R. (2013). Bullying and cyberbullying: Convergent and divergent predictor variables. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 580 –587.
Catanzaro, M. F. (2011). Indirect aggression, bullying and female teen victimization: a literature review. Pastoral Care in Education, 29(2), 83–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/02643944.2011.573495
Chan, S. F., La Greca, A. M., & Peugh, J. L. (2019). Cyber victimization, cyber aggression, and adolescent alcohol use: Short-term prospective and reciprocal associations. Journal of Adolescence, 74, 13–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.05.003
Chen, L., Ho, S. S., & Lwin, M. O. (2017). A meta-analysis of factors predicting cyberbullying perpetration and victimization: From the social cognitive and media effects approach. New Media and Society, 19, 1194–1213. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816634037
Cook, C. R., Williams, K. R., Guerra, N. G., Kim, T. E., & Sadek, S. (2010). Predictors of bullying and victimization in childhood and adolescence: A meta-analytic investigation. School Psychology Quarterly, 25(2), 65–83. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020149
Duerksen, K. N., & Woodin, E. M. (2019). Cyber Dating Abuse Victimization: Links With Psychosocial Functioning.
Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 886260519872982. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519872982 Fedewa, A. L., & Ahn, S. (2011). The Effects of Bullying and Peer Victimization on Sexual-Minority and
Heterosexual Youths: A Quantitative Meta-Analysis of the Literature. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 7(4), 398–418. https://doi.org/10.1080/1550428X.2011.592968
Foody, M., McGuire, L., Kuldas, S., & O’Higgins Norman, J. (2019). Friendship Quality and Gender Differences in Association With Cyberbullying Involvement and Psychological Well-Being. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1723. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01723
Gradinger, P., Strohmeier, D., Schiller, E. M., Stefanek, E., & Spiel, C. (2012). Cyber-victimization and popularity in early adolescence: Stability and predictive associations. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9(2), 228–243. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2011.643171
Gradinger, P., Yanagida, T., Strohmeier, D., & Spiel, C. (2015). Prevention of Cyberbullying and Cyber Victimization: Evaluation of the ViSC Social Competence Program. Journal of School Violence, 14(1), 87–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2014.963231
Guo, B. H. W., Yiu, T. W., & González, V. A. (2016). Predicting safety behavior in the construction industry:
Development and test of an integrative model. Safety Science, 84, 1–11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2015.11.020
Guo, S. (2016). A meta-analysis of the predictors of cyberbullying perpetration and victimization. Psychology in the Schools, 53(4), 432–453. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.21914
Hellfeldt, K., Lopez-Romero, L., & Andershed, H. (2019). Cyberbullying and Psychological Well-being in Young Adolescence: The Potential Protective Mediation Effects of Social Support from Family, Friends, and Teachers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010045
Hemphill, S. A., Kotevski, A., Tollit, M., Smith, R., Herrenkohl, T. I., Toumbourou, J. W., & Catalano, R. F. (2012). Longitudinal predictors of cyber and traditional bullying perpetration in Australian secondary school students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 51, 59–65.
Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2008). Cyberbullying: An exploratory analysis of factors related to offending and victimization. Deviant Behavior, 29, 129 –156.
Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2010). Bullying, Cyberbullying, and Suicide. Archives of Suicide Research, 14(3), 206–
221. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2010.494133
Hoff, D. L., & Mitchell, S. N. (2009). Cyberbullying: causes, effects, and remedies. Journal of Educational Administration, 47(5), 652–665. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578230910981107
Jones, S. E., Manstead, A. S. R., & Livingstone, A. G. (2011). Ganging up or sticking together? Group processes and children’s responses to text-message bullying. British Journal of Psychology, Vol. 102, pp. 71–96. Jones, Siân E.: School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Tower Building, Park Place, Cardiff, United Kingdom, CF10 3AT, [email protected]: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Kokkinos, C. M., Antoniadou, N., Asdre, A., & Voulgaridou, K. (2016). Parenting and Internet Behavior Predictors of Cyber-Bullying and Cyber-Victimization among Preadolescents. Deviant Behavior, 37(4), 439–455. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2015.1060087
Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G. W., Schroeder, A. N., & Lattanner, M. R. (2014). Bullying in the digital age: a critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth. Psychological Bulletin, 140(4), 1073–1137. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035618
Kowalski, R. M., Limber, S. P., & Agatston, P. W. (2008). Cyber bullying: Bullying in the digital age. Blackwell Publishing.
Lereya, S. T., Samara, M., & Wolke, D. (2013). Parenting behavior and the risk of becoming a victim and a bully/victim: a meta-analysis study. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37(12), 1091–1108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.03.001
Lester, L., Cross, D., & Shaw, T. (2012). Problem behaviours, traditional bullying and cyberbullying among adolescents: longitudinal analyses. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 17(3–4), 435–447. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632752.2012.704313
Litwiller, B. J., & Brausch, A. M. (2013). Cyber bullying and physical bullying in adolescent suicide: the role of violent behavior and substance use. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42(5), 675–684. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-013-9925-5
Livazovic, G., & Ham, E. (2019). Cyberbullying and emotional distress in adolescents: the importance of family, peers and school. Heliyon, 5(6), e01992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01992
Mahfud, T., Pardjono, & Lastariwati, B. (2019). Chef’s competency as a key element in food tourism success: A literature review. Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites, 26(3), 1057–1071. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.26329-417
Martinez-Ferrer, B., Leon-Moreno, C., Musitu-Ferrer, D., Romero-Abrio, A., Callejas-Jeronimo, J. E., & Musitu- Ochoa, G. (2019). Parental Socialization, School Adjustment and Cyber-Aggression among Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(20). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16204005
Menisini, E., Nocentini, A., Palladino, B., Scheithauer, H., Schultze-Krumbholz, A., & Frisén, A. (2013). Definitions of cyberbullying. In P. K. Smith & G. Steffgen (Eds.), Cyberbullying through the new media. Findings from an international network. East Sussex, England: Psychology Press.
Musharraf, S., Bauman, S., Anis-Ul-Haque, M., & Malik, J. A. (2019). General and ICT Self-Efficacy in Different Participants Roles in Cyberbullying/Victimization Among Pakistani University Students. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1098. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01098
O’Moore, M. (2012). Cyber-bullying: the situation in Ireland. Pastoral Care in Education, 30(3), 209–223. https://doi.org/10.1080/02643944.2012.688065
Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do. New York: Blackwell Pub.
Paez, G. R. (2018). Cyberbullying Among Adolescents: A General Strain Theory Perspective. Journal of School Violence, 17(1), 74–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2016.1220317
Peled, Y. (2019). Cyberbullying and its influence on academic, social, and emotional development of undergraduate students. Heliyon, 5(3), e01393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01393
Peng, Z., Klomek, A. B., Li, L., Su, X., Sillanmaki, L., Chudal, R., & Sourander, A. (2019). Associations between Chinese adolescents subjected to traditional and cyber bullying and suicidal ideation, self-harm and suicide attempts. BMC Psychiatry, 19(1), 324. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-019-2319-9
Pieschl, S., Kuhlmann, C., & Porsch, T. (2015). Beware of Publicity! Perceived Distress of Negative Cyber Incidents and Implications for Defining Cyberbullying. Journal of School Violence, 14(1), 111–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2014.971363
Ramsey, J. L., DiLalla, L. F., & McCrary, M. K. (2016). Cyber Victimization and Depressive Symptoms in Sexual Minority College Students. Journal of School Violence, 15(4), 483–502. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2015.1100116
Robson, C., & Witenberg, R. T. (2013). The Influence of Moral Disengagement, Morally Based Self-Esteem, Age, and Gender on Traditional Bullying and Cyberbullying. Journal of School Violence, 12(2), 211–231. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2012.762921
Şahin, M. (2012). The relationship between the cyberbullying/cybervictmization and loneliness among adolescents.
Children and Youth Services Review, 34, 834 –837.
Seepersad, S. (2004). Coping with loneliness: Adolescent online and offline behavior. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 7, 35 –39.
Shariff, S. (2006). Cyber-hierarchies: a new arsenal of weapons for gendered violence in schools. In C. Mitchell & F. Leech (Eds.), Combating Gender Violence In and Around Schools. London: Trentham Books.
Simsek, N., Sahin, D., & Evli, M. (2019). Internet Addiction, Cyberbullying, and Victimization Relationship in Adolescents: A Sample from Turkey. Journal of Addictions Nursing, 30(3), 201–210. https://doi.org/10.1097/JAN.0000000000000296
Sjursø, I. R., Fandrem, H., & Roland, E. (2016). Emotional Problems in Traditional and Cyber Victimization. Journal of School Violence, 15(1), 114–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2014.996718
Smith, Peter K. (2011). Special issue: Emotional and behavioural difficulties associated with bullying and cyberbullying. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 16(3), 335. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632752.2011.595105
Tippett, N., & Wolke, D. (2014). Socioeconomic status and bullying: a meta-analysis. American Journal of Public Health, 104, E48–E59. https://doi.org/10.2105/Ajph.2014.301960
Uusitalo-Malmivaara, L., & Lehto, J. E. (2016). Happiness and depression in the traditionally bullied and cyberbullied 12-year-old. Open Review of Educational Research, 3(1), 35–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/23265507.2016.1155168
Vaillancourt, T., Trinh, V., McDougall, P., Duku, E., Cunningham, L., Cunningham, C., … Short, K. (2010).
Optimizing Population Screening of Bullying in School-Aged Children. Journal of School Violence, 9(3), 233–
250. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2010.483182
Wachs, S. (2012). Moral disengagement and emotional and social difficulties in bullying and cyberbullying: differences by participant role. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 17(3–4), 347–360. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632752.2012.704318
Williams, K. R., & Guerra, N. G. (2007). Prevalence and predictors of internet bullying. The Journal of Adolescent Health : Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 41(6 Suppl 1), S14-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.08.018
Wolfswinkel, J., Furtmueller-Ettinger, E., & Wilderom, C. P. M. (2013). Using grounded theory as a method for rigorously reviewing literature. European Journal of Information Systems, 22, 45–55. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1057/ejis.2011.51
Wong-Lo, M., Bullock, L. M., & Gable, R. A. (2011). Cyber bullying: practices to face digital aggression. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 16(3), 317–325. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632752.2011.595098
Wright, M. F. (2014). Longitudinal Investigation of the Associations Between Adolescents’ Popularity and Cyber Social Behaviors. Journal of School Violence, 13(3), 291–314. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2013.849201
Wright, M. F. (2017). Cyber Victimization and Depression Among Adolescents With Intellectual Disabilities and Developmental Disorders: The Moderation of Perceived Social Support. Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 10(2), 126–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/19315864.2016.1271486
Wright, M. F., & Wachs, S. (2019a). Adolescents’ Psychological Consequences and Cyber Victimization: The Moderation of School-Belongingness and Ethnicity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142493
Wright, M. F., & Wachs, S. (2019b). Does Parental Mediation of Technology Use Moderate the Associations between Cyber Aggression Involvement and Substance Use? A Three-Year Longitudinal Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132425
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
