Immune regulation in rheumatoid arthritis, an insight into Treg cell heterogeneity, instability and plasticity

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune illness resulting from a fall in immunological self-tolerance, leading to irregular immune responses to autoantigens. Regulatory CD4+ T-cells (Tregs) is considered one of the key mechanisms of self-tolerance and are a major concern for study in RA and other autoimmune illnesses. Understanding the complex mechanism of action of Tregs is important to produce a new and improved treatments to restore self-tolerance, and disease recovery. This review illustrates recent findings in the area of Tregs in RA, with specific attention to Treg cell heterogeneity, instability and plasticity.