Mental Health and Human Rights Issues in Pakistan: Possible Clinical and Policy Measures at the national level
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/75t2jm21Keywords:
Pakistan, Mental health, Human rights, Impacts, PolicyAbstract
Thispaper aims to explore the causes of increasing mental ailments in Pakistan and the role of professional social workers in re-adjustment of psychiatric patients into the society. In addition, the study also spotlights the importance of social work in bringing mental health and human rights issues to the front in Pakistan. The study is based on the analysis of existing literature on mental health and related issues with help from relevant books, online sources, newspapers and journals. The study concludes that mental illnesses are main contributing factors in human rights abuses that occur in Pakistan. The most affected ones are women, children and youth whoneed special attention of policy makers and professional social workers. The study recommends that – in order to tackle mental illnesses and human rights issues –the medical social workers should create awareness among the general public about the causes and implications of psychiatric disorders and guide family members of such patients regarding treatment, rehabilitation and follow-up.For this aim to be achieved, the study recommendscapacity building of social workers towards effectiveness of their serviceswhile assisting the psychiatric patients.
Downloads
References
Akbar, M.S. and Bhutta, M.H. (2012). Prison reforms andsituation of prisons in Pakistan. Social Sciences Reviewof Pakistan (SSRP), 1(1): 171-181Retreived on July 18, 2018 from:
http://sapandssrp.com/attachments/File/Prison_reforms.pdf
Ali, M., & Rafi, S. (2013). Medical Social Work in Pakistan. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 4(4), 4-38.
Ali, P. A., &Gavino, M. I. B. (2008). Violence against women in Pakistan: a framework for Analysis.
Journal-Pakistan Medical Association, 58(4), 198-203.
Ali, T. S., Mogren, I., & Krantz, G. (2013). Intimate partner violence and mental health effects: A population-based study among married women in Karachi, Pakistan. International journal of behavioral medicine, 20(1), 131-139.
Alonso J, Angermeyer MC, Bernert S, Bruffaerts R, Brugha TS, Bryson H, et al.(2004). Disability and quality of life impact of mental disorders in Europe: Results from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) project. Acta Psychiatr Scand,109,38-46.
Ambrose-Miller, W., & Ashcroft, R. (2016). Challenges faced by social workers as members of interprofessional collaborative health care teams. Health & social work, 41(2), 101-109.
Amnesty International.(2017). Pakistan: Widespread human rights violations continue. Amnesty International submission for The UN Universal periodic review, 28th Session of The UPR Working Group, November 2017. Retrieved on June 25, 2018 from: https://amnesty.org/download/Documents/ASA3365132017ENGLISH.PDF
Ansari, I. (2015). International Journal of Emergency Mental Health and Human Resilience, Vol. 17, No.1, pp. 288, ISSN 1522-4821
Bhutta, R.N., Warich, I.A., Bhutta, A., Bhutta, N.I. and Ali, M. (2015).Dynamics of WattaSatta Marriages in Rural Areas of Southern Punjab Pakistan. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 3, 166-178. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jss.2015.312018
Gadit, A. A. M. (2007). Mental Health Model: comparison between a developed and a developing country. Journal of Medicine [serial online], 1(1).Retrieved on June 17, 2018 from:http://www.scientificjournals.org/journals2007/articles/1047.htm.
Gilani,I.A., Gilani,I,U., Kasi,M,P. Khan,M.M.(2005). Psychiatric health laws in Pakistan: From lunacy to mental health. Volume 2 | Issue 11 | DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0020317 e317
Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.(2017). Mental Health Act 2017. Retreived on June 24,2018 from: http://pakp.gov.pk/2013/wp-content/uploads/Mental-Health- Act20170001.pdf
Government of Pakistan.(1998). Report of the subcommittee on mental health and substance abuse. Ninth Five- year Plan (1998–2003). Prospective plan 2003–2013. Islamabad, Planning Commission, Government of Pakistan.
Government of Pakistan.(2001). Mental Health Ordinance. Government of Pakistan PrintingPress; Available at http://punjablaws.punjab.gov.pk/public/dr/MENTAL%20HEALTH%20ORDINAN
CE%20FOR%20PAKISTAN%202001.doc.pdf (accessed June 15, 2018).
Government of Punjab.(2014). The Punjab Mental Health (Amendment) Act 2014. Law and Parliamentary Affairs; Available
at http://punjablaws.punjab.gov.pk/public/dr/THE%20PUNJAB%20MENTAL%20H
EALTH%20(AMENDMENT)%20ACT%202014.doc.pdf (accessed June 13, 2018).
Government of Sindh (2013) The Sindh Mental Health Ordinance 2013. Sindh Government Press;
Available at http://www.pas.gov.pk/uploads/acts/Sindh%20Act%20No.L%20of%202013.pdf(ac cessed April 2014).
Hassan, S., Naqvi, S., Naqvi, S. Yousaf, A. (2014, October 12. The Daily Dawn). Breaking point: Mental health in Pakistan. Retrieved on August 21, 2018 from: https://www.dawn.com/news/1137302 Hassn, M.S. (2016). Medical Social Work: Connotation, Challenges and Prospects. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences (PJSS) 36, (1), 495-504
Healy, L. & Link, R. (Eds.). (2012). Handbook of International Social Work: Human Rights,Development, and the Global Profession. New York: Oxford University Press
Irfan M.(2010).The concept of mental health policy and its journey from development to Implementation in Pakistan. KUST Med J; 2(2): 64-68.
Kamau, C. (2017). Department of Organizational Psychology, Birkbeck, University of London, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
Kendler KS, Gardner CO, Prescott CA. (2002).Toward a comprehensive developmental model for major depression in women. Am J Psychiatry .1;159(7):1133-45
Khalid, M. (1995).Social Work: Theory and Practice. Karachi: Kifayat Academy
Khalily TM, Fooley S, Hussain I, BanoM.(2011). Violence, psychological trauma and possible acute post-traumatic interventions in Pakistani society. Australasian Journal of Disaster and Trauma Studies (1)1–9
Khalily, M. T. (2011). Mental health problems in Pakistani society as a consequence of violence and trauma: A case for better integration of care. International Journal of Integrated Care, 11, e128.
Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Ezzati M, Jamison DT, Murray CJL.(2006). Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data. Lancet 27;367(9524):1747-57.
Madsen, I. E., Aust, B., Burr, H., Carneiro, I. G., Diderichsen, F., &Rugulies, R. (2012). Paid care work and depression: a longitudinal study of antidepressant treatment in female eldercare workers before and after entering their profession. Depression and anxiety, 29(7), 605-613.
Michailakis, D., & Schirmer, W. (2014). Social work and social problems: A contribution from systems theory and constructionism. International journal of social welfare, 23(4), 431-442.
Miller, J. F. (1992). Coping with chronic illness: Overcoming powerlessness. FA Davis Company. Mirza I, Jenkins R. Risk. (2004). Factors, prevalence, and treatment of anxiety and depressive disorders in Pakistan: Systematic review. BMJ; 328: 794-8.
Morrow, N. A. (2014), MSW, School of Social Policy and Practice, University of Pennsylvania. MubasharM,H.(1998). Mental health in primary care. Institute of Psychiatry WHO collaborating centre Rawalpindi General Hospital, Rawalpindi.
Mumford, D. B., Minhas, F. A., Akhtar, I., Akhter, S., &Mubbashar, M. H. (2000). Stress and psychiatric disorder in urban Rawalpindi: Community survey. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 177(6), 557-562. Niaz, U. (2004). Women’s mental health in Pakistan. World Psychiatry, 3(1), 60–62.
Oliver, C. (2013). Social workers as boundary spanners: Reframing our professional identity for interprofessional practice. Social Work Education, 32(6), 773-784.
Parmer, A. (2014). Methods of Social Work and Its Role in Understanding the Team Climate and Team Effectiveness for Organizational Development. Journal of Sociology and Social Work, 2(1), 303- 318
Rehman, A.I (2018). Declining mental health . January 4th, 2018 Daily Dawn, Retrieved on June 25, 2018 from: https://www.dawn.com/news/1380642.
Riaz, S., & Sarfaraz, S. F. (2015). Need and importance of medical social work practice in Pakistan with special reference to Karachi city. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 2(12).
Shah, E. (2017). Neglected subject. The Daily Dawn, May 31, 2017. Retrieved on June 26, 2018 from: https://www.dawn.com/news/1336408
Shah, N. A. (2015). Social Work Teaching in Pakistan Problems and Remedies. New Horizons, 9(1), 93. Sohail, S. A., Syed, A. A., & Rahman, A. (2017). Mental Health in Pakistan: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow. In Mental Health in Asia and the Pacific (pp. 17-37). Springer, Boston, MA.
Stansfeld S., Candy B.(2006). Psychosocial work environment and mental health--a meta- analytic review. Scand J Work Environ Health, 32(6),443-62.
Tareen, A., & Tareen, K. I. (2016). Mental health law in Pakistan. BJPsych International, 13(3), 67. Wittchen, H. U., & Jacobi, F. (2005). Size and burden of mental disorders in Europe—a critical review and appraisal of 27 studies. European neuropsycho pharmacology, 15(4), 357-376.
World Health Organization (2009). WHO-AIMS Report On Mental Health System In Pakistan..Retreived on July 14, 2018 from: http://www.who.int/mental_health/pakistan_who_aims_report.pdf
World Health Organization.(2004). Promoting Mental Health. Geneva: World Health Organization. World Health Organization.(2005). Mental Health Atlas.[Online].Retrieved on June 14, 2018 from: http://www.who.int/mental_health/evidence/atlas/ profiles_countries_n_r1.pdf.
World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT) Reprieve .(2017). Pakistan: Alternative Report to the Human Rights Committee.
http://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CCPR/Shared%20Documents/PAK/INT_CCPR_C
SS_PAK_27601_E.pdf
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.