COMPARISON BETWEEN THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PICTURE HEALTH WARNING (PHW) AND PICTURE HEALTH WARNING WITH DESCRIPTION (PHWD) SIZE 75 PERCENT OF THE STOP SMOKING INTENTION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/nydg2v43Keywords:
Fear Appeals,, PHW, PHWD, Stop Smoking Intent, Perceived EffectivenessAbstract
This study aims to compare differences in the intention of quitting smoking on subjects given cigarette packaging with PHW 75 percent and subjects given cigarette packaging with PHWD 75 percent. This study is a true experiment design, taking male participants 17-26 years old, has consumed more than 100 cigarettes, and still smokes at least 30 days before the experiment with a total of 74 people. This research succeeded to reveal if there is no difference between the intention to stop smoking between PHW 75 percent and PHWD 75 percent. So it can be concluded that the addition of information on PHW with the size of 75 percent is not effective in reducing the intention to quit smoking. It has also revealed that there is no significant difference in perceived effectiveness and fear appeals from PHW and PHWD packaging.
Downloads
References
[1] Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Indonesia. (2013). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 28 Tahun 2013.
[2] Mackay, J. & M. Ericsen. The Tobacco Atlas. Geneva: World Health Organization. Retrieved from: https://www.who.int/tobacco/media/en/title.pdf (2002).
[3] Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. Laporan Nasional Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2013 (2013).
[4] World Health Organization. WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic. Retrieved from: http://www.who.int/tobacco/global_report/2011/en/index.html (2011).
[5] Sari, A., N. Ramadhani, & M. Eliza. Empati dan Perilaku Merokok di Tempat Umum. Jurnal Psikologi 2: 81 - 90 (2003).
[6] Sandek, R. & K. Astuti. Hubungan antara Sikap terhadap Perilaku Merokok dan Kontrol Diri dengan Intensi Berhenti Merokok. Jurnal Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Wangsa Manggala Yogyakarta (2005).
[7] Physicians for a Smoke-Free Canada Organization. Australian Cigarette Warning. Physicians for a Smoke-Free Canada. Retrieved from: http://www.smoke-free.ca/warnings/Australia-warnings.htm (n.d.).
[8] Kees, J., S. Burton., J. Andrews. & J. Kozup. Understanding How Graphic Pictorial Warnings Work on Cigarette Packaging. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 29(2): 265-272. doi: https://doi.org/10.1509/jppm.29.2.265 (2010).
[9] Hammond, D. Health Warning Messages on Tobacco Products: a Review. Tobacco control 20(5): 327-337. doi: 10.1136/tc.2010.037630 (2011).
[10] Ajzen, I. Attitudes, Personality and Behavior 2nd ed. Open University Press, New York, USA (2005).
[11] KBBI. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI). Retrieved from: http://kbbi.web.id/ (n.d.).
[10] FKMUI. Yay. Jantung Indonesia dan SEATCA Peringatan Bahaya Merokok pada Kemasan Rokok dalam Upaya Peningkatan Kesehatan. (2007).
[11] Hammond. D., G. T. Fong., A. McNeill. & R. Borland. Effectiveness of Cigarette Warning Labels in Informing Smokers About the Risks of Smoking:Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey. Tobacco control 3: 19-25. doi: 10.1136/tc.2005.012294 (2006).
[12] Goldberg, M. E., J. Liefeld. J. Madill. & H. Vredenburg. The effect of plain packaging on response to health warnings. American journal of public health 89(9): 1434-5 (1999).
[13] Lokononto, A. D., I. Herani. & R. Nurwanti. Gambar Peringatan Kesehatan : Pengaruhnya pada Intensi Berhenti Merokok Berdasarkan Protection Motivation Theory. Jurnal Program Studi Psikologi, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Brawijaya Malang (2015).
[14] Simaremare. & Risna. Efektivitas Ukuran Gambar Peringatan Kesehatam terhadap Intensi Berhenti Merokok Ditinjau dari Cigarette Dependence (unpublished thesis). Program Studi Psikologi, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Brawijaya Malang (2015).
[15] Hidayatullah, A. Efektivitas Ukuran Gambar Peringatan Kesehatam terhadap Intensi Berhenti Merokok Ditinjau dari Self Exempting Belief (unpublished thesis). Program Studi Psikologi, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Brawijaya Malang (2015).
[16] Halim, R. E. & F. Muttaqin. The Effect of Warning Labels on Cigarette Packages: Textual vs. Textual-Visual and Self-Efficacy. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business 1(2): 25-30. doi: 10.13106/jafeb.2014.vol1.no2.25 (2014).
[17] Morvan, G. Consumer perceptions of cigarette pack design in France: a comparison of regular, limited edition and plain packaging. Tobacco Control 21(5): 502-6. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol- 2011-050079 (2011).
[18] Hammond, D. Health Warning Messages on Tobacco Products: a Review. Tobacco control 20(5): 327-337. doi: 10.1136/tc.2010.037630 (2011).
[19] “Tobacco Product Labelling”. Tobacco Product Labelling. Retrieved from: https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/health-concerns/tobacco/legislation/tobacco- product-labelling.html (n. d.).
[20] “Tobacco Labelling”. Australia Tobacco Labelling. Retrieved from: http://www.tobaccolabels.ca/countries/australia/ (n. d.)
[21] Environics Research Group. Consumer Research on the Size of Health Warning Messages – Quantitative Study of Canadian Adult Smokers. Toronto (2008).
[22] European Commission Education and Training. Tobacco Packaging Health Warning Labels. Eurobarometer Qualitative Study Retrieved from: https: //ec.europa.eu /health /sites/ health/files/tobacco/docs/eurobaro_tobaccowarninglabels_ql_5818_en. pdf (2012).
[23] "Tobaccofreekids". Tobacco Health Warnings: Evidence of Effectiveness. Retrieved from: https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/assets/factsheets/0325.pdf (n. d.).
[24] Damayanti, R. & N. Dewi. Perbedaan Persepsi Gambar Peringatan Bahaya Merokok antara Masyarakat Jakarta dan Cirebon. Pendidikan kesehatan ilmu perilaku (2008).
[25] Weiten, W. Psychology Themes and Variations, Briefer Version. Jon-David Hague, Nashvile, USA (2014).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
