MACHIAVELLIANISM AND IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT BEHAVIOR: INTERACTIVE ROLE OF TRAIT ACTIVATING SITUATIONAL MECHANISM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/4fy7n456Keywords:
Machiavellianism, Impression Management, Role AmbiguityAbstract
There is a need to develop the understanding of the functional aspects of Machiavellianism with respect to them in-role behavior tendency at work. Therefore, the current study is not only focusing on the direct association of dark trait and behavior outcome but it also investigates the situational mechanism for predicting such associations. This study extends the TAT (Trait Activation Theory) by investigating the direct association of Machiavellianism with impression management and the moderating role of situational mechanism
i.e. role ambiguity in predicting the Machiavellianism and in-role impression management behavior outcome by using the field sample of (N=420) employees working in higher education institutes. The results revealed that role ambiguity is a significant situational mechanism to activate the positive attributes of Machiavellian personality trait for predicting self-presentable behavior. It is also proved that Machiavellianism personality has a significant positive association with managing their soft impressions
Downloads
References
1. Abdel‐Halim, A. A. (1978). Employee effective responses to organizational stress: Moderating effects of job characteristics. Personnel Psychology, 31(3), 561-579.
2. Aiken, L. S., West, S. G., & Reno, R. R. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Sage.
3. Bagozzi, R. P., Verbeke, W. J., Dietvorst, R. C., Belschak, F. D., van den Berg, W. E., & Rietdijk, W. J. (2013). Theory of mind and empathic explanations of Machiavellianism: A neuroscience perspective. Journal of Management, 39(7), 1760-1798.
4. Beaty Jr, J. C., Cleveland, J. N., & Murphy, K. R. (2001). The relation between personality and contextual performance in" strong" versus" weak" situations. Human Performance, 14(2), 125-148.
5. Becker, J. A., & Dan O'Hair, H. (2007). Machiavellians’ motives in organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 35(3), 246-267.
6. Becker, T. E. (1998). Integrity in organizations: Beyond honesty and conscientiousness. Academy of Management Review, 23(1), 154-161.
7. Bolino, M. C., & Turnley, W. H. (1999). Measuring impression management in organizations: A scale development based on the Jones and Pittman taxonomy. Organizational Research Methods, 2(2), 187- 206.
8. Christie, R., & Geis, F. (1970). Scale construction. Studies in Machiavellianism, Academic Press (pp. 10- 34).
9. Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2014). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavior sciences. Psychology Press.
10. Corral, S., & Calvete, E. (2000). Machiavellianism: Dimensionality of the Mach IV and its relation to self-monitoring in a Spanish sample. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 3, 3-13.
11. De Hoogh, A. H., Den Hartog, D. N., & Koopman, P. L. (2005). Linking the Big Five‐Factors of personality to charismatic and transactional leadership; perceived dynamic work environment as a moderator. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 26(7), 839-865.
12. Farh, C. I., Seo, M. G., & Tesluk, P. E. (2012). Emotional intelligence, teamwork effectiveness, and job performance: The moderating role of job context. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(4), 890-900.
13. Farmer, S. M., Maslyn, J. M., Fedor, D. B., & Goodman, J. S. (1997). Putting upward influence strategies in context. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 18(1), 17-42.
14. Gaskin, J., & Lim, J. (2016). Model Fit Measures. Gaskination’s StatWiki.
15. Goffman, E. (1959). The Presentation of Self in. Butler, Bodies that Matter.
16. Gu, G. X., Takaffoli, M., & Buehler, M. J. (2017). Hierarchically enhanced impact resistance of bio- inspired composites. Advanced Materials, 29(28), 1-7.
17. Hair Jr, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2010). SEM: An introduction. Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective, 629-686.
18. Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford Press.
19. Hilbig, B. E., & Zettler, I. (2015). When the cat’s away, some mice will play: A basic trait account of dishonest behavior. Journal of Research in Personality, 57, 72-88.
20. Hogue, M., Levashina, J., & Hang, H. (2013). Will I fake it? The interplay of gender, Machiavellianism, and self-monitoring on strategies for honesty in job interviews. Journal of Business Ethics, 117(2), 399- 411.
21. Hollon, C. J. (1983). Machiavellianism and managerial work attitudes and perceptions. Psychological reports, 52(2), 432-434.
22. Jonason, P. K., & Schmitt, D. P. (2012). What have you done for me lately? Friendship-selection in the shadow of the Dark Triad traits. Evolutionary Psychology, 10(3), 400-421.
23. Jonason, P. K., & Webster, G. D. (2012). A protean approach to social influence: Dark Triad personalities and social influence tactics. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(4), 521-526.
24. Jonason, P. K., Slomski, S., & Partyka, J. (2012). The Dark Triad at work: How toxic employees get their way. Personality and Individual Differences, 52, 449–453.
25. Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2014). Introducing the short dark triad (SD3) a brief measure of dark personality traits. Assessment, 21(1), 28-41.
26. Jones, D., & Paulhus, D. (2009). Machiavellianism. In L. Horowitz, & S. Strack (Eds.), Handbook of individual differences in social behavior, 93–108. New York: NY, Guilford Press.
27. Jones, E. E., & Pittman, T. S. (1982). Toward a general theory of strategic self-presentation. Psychological perspectives on the self, 1(1), 231-262.
28. Kumar, M., Talib, S. A., & Ramayah, T. (2013). Business research methods. Oxford Fajar/Oxford University Press.
29. Leary, M. R. (1995). Self-presentation: Impression management and interpersonal behavior. Brown & Benchmark Publishers.
30. Leary, M. R., & Kowalski, R. M. (1990). Impression management: A literature review and a two- component model. Psychological Bulletin, 107(1), 34-47.
31. Lievens, F., Chasteen, C. S., Day, E. A., & Christiansen, N. D. (2006). Large-scale investigation of the role of trait activation theory for the understanding assessment center convergent and discriminant validity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(2), 247-258.
32. Malhotra, N. K., Mukhopadhyay, S., Liu, X., & Dash, S. (2012). One, few or many? An integrated framework for identifying the items in measurement scales. International Journal of Market Research, 54(6), 835-862.
33. Mischel, W., & Shoda, Y. (1995). A cognitive-affective system theory of personality: Reconceptualizing situations, dispositions, dynamics, and invariance in personality structure. Psychological Review, 102(2), 246.
34. Morgeson, F. P., Delaney-Klinger, K., & Hemingway, M. A. (2005). The importance of job autonomy, cognitive ability, and job-related skill for predicting role breadth and job performance. Journal of applied psychology, 90(2), 399-406.
35. O'Boyle Jr, E. H., Forsyth, D. R., Banks, G. C., & McDaniel, M. A. (2012). A meta-analysis of the dark triad and work behavior: A social exchange perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97, 557.
36. O'connor, W. E., & Morrison, T. G. (2001). A comparison of situational and dispositional predictors of perceptions of organizational politics. The Journal of Psychology, 135(3), 301-312.
37. Paulhus, D. L., & Williams, K. M. (2002). The dark triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Journal of research in personality, 36(6), 556-563.
38. Penke, L., Denissen, J. J., & Miller, G. F. (2007). The evolutionary genetics of personality. European Journal of Personality: Published for the European Association of Personality Psychology, 21(5), 549- 587.
39. Penke, L., Denissen, J. J., & Miller, G. F. (2007). The evolutionary genetics of personality. European Journal of Personality: Published for the European Association of Personality Psychology, 21(5), 549- 587.
40. Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2012). Sources of method bias in social science research and recommendations on how to control it. Annual review of psychology, 63, 539-569.
41. Rauthmann, J. F. (2011). Acquisitive or protective self-presentation of dark personalities? Associations among the Dark Triad and self-monitoring. Personality and Individual Differences, 51(4), 502-508.
42. Rauthmann, J. F. (2012). The Dark Triad and interpersonal perception: Similarities and differences in the social consequences of narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 3(4), 487-496.
43. Rizzo, J. R., House, R. J., & Lirtzman, S. I. (1970). Role conflict and ambiguity in complex organizations. Administrative science quarterly, 150-163.
44. Sadler, M. E., Hunger, J. M., & Miller, C. J. (2010). Personality and impression management: Mapping the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire onto 12 self-presentation tactics. Personality and Individual Differences, 48(5), 623-628.
45. Schlenker, B. R. (1980). Impression management. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.
46. Sherry, S. B., Hewitt, P. L., Besser, A., Flett, G. L., & Klein, C. (2006). Machiavellianism, trait perfectionism, and perfectionistic self-presentation. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(4), 829- 839.
47. Sherry, S. B., Hewitt, P. L., Besser, A., Flett, G. L., & Klein, C. (2006). Machiavellianism, trait perfectionism, and perfectionistic self-presentation. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(4), 829- 839.
48. Tett, R. P., & Burnett, D. D. (2003). A personality trait-based interactionist model of job performance. Journal of Applied psychology, 88(3), 500.
49. Tett, R. P., & Guterman, H. A. (2000). Situation trait relevance, trait expression, and cross-situational consistency: Testing a principle of trait activation. Journal of Research in Personality, 34(4), 397-423.
50. Van der Linden, M. (2017). Transnational labor history: explorations. Routledge.
51. Wayne, S. J., & Liden, R. C. (1995). Effects of impression management on performance ratings: A longitudinal study. Academy of Management Journal, 38(1), 232-260.
52. Wilson, D. S., Near, D., & Miller, R. R. (1996). Machiavellianism: a synthesis of evolutionary and psychological literature. Psychological Bulletin, 119(2), 285-299.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
