Development and Validation of Wisdom Scale for a Sample of University Students in Gaza
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/zt0faf67Keywords:
Wisdom Scale, Reliability, Validity, Factor AnalysisAbstract
The present study attempts to examine the structure and examine psychometric properties of the wisdom scale for a sample of university students in Gaza . The study questions addressed are: What is the structure of the measure of wisdom for university students in Gaza? Does the wisdom scale have appropriate psychometric properties? A total of 170 students From Al-Quds Open University and Al-Aqsa University in Gaza, the scale of wisdom was completed, including males (N= 100) and females (N= 70). The students ranged in age from 18 to 22, with an average age of 20.7 and an S.D. of 2.1. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is used. The results indicate that the structure of wisdom is multidimensional, which includes emotional stability, psychological resilience, persuasion skills, and problem-solving skills. And the scale has appropriate psychometric properties.
Downloads
References
[1] Akbari, A., Hashemi, S. & Kenari, M. (2016). The Psychometric Characteristics of Wisdom Scale (WS). Positive Psychology Research, 2(6), 19-33.
[2] Ardelt, M. (2003). Empirical Assessment of a Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (Electronic Version). Research on Aging, 25 (3), 275-324.
[3] Ardelt, M. (2011). The Measurement of Wisdom: A Commentary on Taylor, Bates, and Webster's Comparison of the SAWS and 3D WS, Experimental Aging. Research: An International Journal Devoted to the Scientific Study of the Aging Process, 37(2), 241-255.
[4] Bearden W., Hardesty D. & Rose R. (2001). Consumer Self-Confidence: Refinements in Conceptualization and Measurement. Journal of Consumer Research, 28, (1), 121-134.
[5] Bergsma, A., & Ardelt, M. (2012). Self-reported wisdom and happiness: An empirical investigation. Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-Being, 13(3), 481–499.
[6] Brown, W. (Ed.). (2000). Understanding Wisdom: Sources, Science, and Society. Philadelphia: Templeton Foundation Press.
[7] Brown, S. & Green, J. (2009): The wisdom development scale, further validity investing. J. Aging and Human Development, 68(4), 289-320.
[8] Connor, K.M., & Davidson, J.R.T. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76–82.
[9] Cooper (2017). Data, information, knowledge, and wisdom. Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine, 18(1), 55-56.
[10] De Vellis, R.. F. (2003). Scale development: Theory and applications (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
[11] Glück J., König S., Naschenweng K., Redzanowsk U., Dorner L., Straßer I. & Wiedermann W. (2013).
How to measure wisdom: content, reliability, and validity of five measures. Front Psychology, 4.
[12] Gorsuch, R. (1983). Factor analysis (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
[13] Grossmann I. (2017). Wisdom in Context. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12(2), 233–257.
[14] Hair, J., Anderson, R., Tatham, R.,, and Black, W. (1998). Multivariate Data Analysis, 5th Edition, Prentice
Hall, New Jersey.
[15] Hinkin, T. (1995). A review of scale development practices in the study of organizations. Journal of
Management, 21(5), 967-988.
[16] Kline, R.B. (2005). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. Guilford Press, New York,
NY, second edition.
[17] Moraitou, D., & Efklides, A. (2012). The Wise Thinking and Acting Questionnaire: The Cognitive Facet of
Wisdom and Its Relation with Memory, Affect, and Hope. Journal of Happiness Studies, 13(5), 849–873.
[18] Parisi, J.M., Rebok, G.W., Carlson, M.C., Fried, L.P., Seeman, T.E., Tan, E.J., Tanner, E.K., & Piferi, R.L. (2009). Can the wisdom of aging be activated and make a difference societally? Educational Gerontology, 35, 867-879.
[19] Peterson, C., Ruch, W., Beermann, U., Park, N., & Seligman, M.E.P. (2007). Strengths of character, orientations to happiness, and life satisfaction. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2(3), 149–156.
[20] Rossiter, J. R. (2002). The COARSE procedure for scale development in marketing. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 19 (4), 305-335.
[21] Shorey, H.S., Little, T.D., Snyder, C.R., Kluck, B., & Robitschek, C. (2007). Hope and personal growth initiative: A comparison of positive, future-oriented constructs. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 1917-1926.
[22] Solansky, S. T. (2013). To Fear Foolishness for the Sake of Wisdom: A Message to Leaders. Journal of Business Ethics, 122(1), 39–51.
[23] Staudinger & Gluck (2012). Psychological Wisdom Research: Commonalities and Differences in a Growing Field. The Annual Review of Psychology. Annual Review of Psychology, 62, 215-241.
[24] Sternberg, R. (2009). Wisdom, Intelligence, and Creativity Synthesized: A New Model for Liberal
Education. ERIC Liberal Education, 95 (4), 10-15.
[25] Sternberg, R.J. (1990). Wisdom and its relations to intelligence and creativity. In R.J. Sternberg (Ed.), Wisdom: Its nature, origins, and development (pp. 142–159). New York: Cambridge University Press.
[26] Takahashi, M. & Overton, W. (2002). Wisdom: A Culturally Inclusive Developmental Perspective. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 26(3), 269-277.
[27] Thomas M., Bangen K., Ardelt M. & Jeste D. (2015). Development of a 12-Item Abbreviated Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS-12): Item Selection and Psychometric Properties. Assessment, 24(1), 71-82.
[28] Thomas, M., Bangen, K., Palmer, B., Martin, A., Avanzino, J., Depp, C., Jeste, D. & Glorioso, D. (2017). A new scale for assessing wisdom based on common domains and a neurobiological model: The San Diego Wisdom Scale (SD-WISE). Journal of Psychiatric Research, 108, 40-47.
[29] Thompson, B. (2004). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis: Understanding concepts and applications. American Psychological Association.
[30] Webster J., Weststrat N., Ferrari M., Munroe M. & Pierce T. (2018). Wisdom and Meaning in Emerging Adulthood. Emerging Adulthood, 6(2), 118-136.
[31] Webster, J. (2007). Measuring the character strength of wisdom. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development. 65(2): 163-183.
[32] Weststrate, N., Ferrari, M. & Ardelt, M. (2016). The Many Faces of Wisdom: An Investigation of Cultural-Historical Wisdom Exemplars Reveals Practical, Philosophical, and Benevolent Prototypes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 42(5), 662-676.
[33] Worthington, R.L. and Whittaker, T.A. (2006). Scale Development Research: A Content Analysis and Recommendations for Best Practices. The Counseling Psychologist, 34(6), 806-838.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 AUTHOR
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
