The poetic of the prose text in the book Nahj al-Balagha (Imaginary creativity in describing the creation of the peacock)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/206sq869Keywords:
Zoology, Animals, Ancient Iraqi Literature, Literature Texts, Arabic Poetry, Birds, Peacock BirdAbstract
Zoology is like another science of nature that did not originate in a specific period or develop scientific changes in a specific civilization period. That is, it is mainly related to human life and their livelihood requirements since the inception of Homo sapiens in ancient times. The animals had been known in Mesopotamia since ancient times, what is known as the Pre-Historic periods. Since man knew types of wild animals and then domesticated certain species of them for their meat, skins, and bones, as well as for use in agriculture work, traction, transportation, and cargo transport. This research focuses on the study of animals in Mesopotamia literature, whether it is poetry or prose, as the animal was mentioned in several literary texts, including the texts of literary debates, stories, navigation, spells, and others, and most of them had older origins. This was due to the interest of the Mesopotamian kings and rulers in their cultural heritage. Including the heritage of ancient literary. In addition, the research will deal with animals in the Arab Islamic literature and their implications. Several literary texts, poetic and prose, mention a number of animals of various kinds. In view of the broad subject matter, we focused on one of the well-known birds, which is the peacock, which is known to be one of the most amazing, beautiful, and best-created birds. It is one of the most beautiful ornamental birds in the world. The study will deal with the peacock with what was mentioned in the sermon of Imam Ali in Nahj al-Balaghah, describing it, its colors, and its typography.
Downloads
References
1: Abd al-Latif, Saja Muayad, Animal in the Literature of Ancient Iraq, Unpublished Master Thesis, University of Baghdad, College of Arts, 1997.
2: Al-Adly, Mayada Shaker Mahmoud, Birds in the Arts of Mesopotamia, an unpublished master's thesis, University of Baghdad, College of Arts, 2018.
3: Al-Damiri, Kamal al-Din Muhammad ibn Musa, d. 808 AH, Life of the Great Animal, Part 2, Tlas House for Studies, Translation and Publishing, Damascus, 1992.
4- Al-Farabi, Abu Nasr Ismail bin Hammad Al-Gohary, Al-Sahhah, Taj Al-Linguistics and Sahih AlArabiya, d. 393 AH, verified by Ahmad Bin Ghafar Attar, Dar Al-Alam for Millions, 4th Edition, 1407 AH, 1987 AD, Beirut
5: Al-Farahidi, Hebron, Al-Ain, d.175 AH, by Mahdi Al-Makhzoumi and Ibrahim Al-Samarrai, ed. 2, 1409 AH, Dar Al-Hijrah Foundation
6: Al-Fouadi, Abd Al-Hadi, “A Study of Iraqi Proverbs, a Comparative Study of Proverbs in the Ancient and Contemporary Iraqi Society—Section One," Sumer Magazine, Vol. 29, Parts One and Two, 1973, pp. 106–83. Section Two," Sumer Journal, Vol. 30, Part 1, 1974.
7- Al-Issawi, Hanan Abd al-Hamza Baiwi Salman, Domesticated Animals and Their Role in the Economy of the Old Akkadian Era in Light of Published and Unpublished Cuneiform Texts, Unpublished Master Thesis, University of Baghdad, College of Arts, 2014.
8- Al-Jawary, Haitham Ahmad Husayn Abbu, Texts of the Babylonian Omen in Light of Cuneiform Sources, unpublished MA thesis, University of Mosul, College of Arts, 2005.
9- Al-Jubouri, Salah Salman Rmeidh, Literature of Wisdom in the Mesopotamian Valley, Marja Fadel Abdul Wahid Ali, Baghdad, 2000
10- Al-Khafaji, Muhammad Hamzah, Ajeeb Khalq Al-Tawoos, First Edition, Series of Wonders of Creatures in Nahj Al-Balagha (3), Iraq, Holy Karbala, 2016.
11- Al-Qazwini, Zakaria bin Muhammad bin Mahmoud Al-Kufi, who died in the year 682, Wonders of Creatures and Animals and Strange Assets, First Edition, Publications of the Al-Alamy Foundation for Publications, Beirut, Lebanon, 421 AH, 2000 AD.
12- Al-Razi, Sheikh Imam Muhammad Ibn Abi Bakr Ibn Abd al-Qadir, Dictionaries Department in the Library of Lebanon, Lebanon, 1988.
13: Al-Sawah, Firas, An Introduction to the Texts of the Ancient East, Syria, Damascus, 2006.
14- Al-Shawaf, Qasim, Divan of Legends, Sumer, Akkad, and Assyria, Book Two, The Gods and Humans, Beirut, 1997.
15- Al-Tikriti, Salman, Babylonian Legends, Marja, Zaki Al-Jaber, Najaf, 1972.
16- Al-Waili, Sinai Mohsen Kazim, The Milky Animals on the Seals of Mesopotamia until the year 539 BC), unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Baghdad, College of Arts, 2019.
17- Al-Zubaidi, Taj Al-Arous, d. 1205 AH, by Ali Shiri, 1414 AH- 1994 AD, Dar Al-Fikr, Beirut.
18- Baqer, Taha, Introduction to the History of Ancient Civilizations, Baghdad, 1986
19- Civil, M., 76 "On Some Terms for" Bat "in Mesopotamia," AuOr-121, 1984, pp. 5-9.
20. Elite of researchers, Al-Waseet Dictionary, Part 1, without a place and a year of printing.
21. Ibn Manzur, Lisan al-Arab, d. 711 AH, c. 4, 1405 AH,
22. Kramer, Samuel Noah, Sumerian Mythology, A Study of Spiritual and Literary Achievements in the Third Millennium B.C., translated by Yusef Dawood Abd al-Qadir, Baghdad, 1971.
23. Nahj Al-Balaghah of the University of Al-Sharif Al-Radhi Muhammad bin Al-Hussein Bin Musa (d. 406 AH), verified by Mr. Hashem Al-Milani, 2010.
24- Rashid, Fawzi, The Ancient Iraqi Laws, Baghdad, 1973.
25. Saeed, Basil Iyad, Livestock in Ancient Iraq, unpublished MA thesis, University of Mosul, College of Arts, 2008.
26. Sarkis, Ehsan, Ancient Literature and its Relation to the Development of Societies, Beirut, 1988
27. Veldhuis, N., Religion, Literature, and Scholarship: The Sumerian Composition Nanse ana the Birds, with a catalog of Sumerian bird names, Leiden, 2004.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 AUTHOR

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.