CHANGES OF SOCIAL AND CULTURAL LIFEOF HILL KHARIASOF MAYURBHANJ DISTRICT OF ODISHA IN EAST INDIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/xf56dt11Keywords:
change, social, cultural, Hill Kharias, tribe, Mayurbhanj, Odisha, Eastern IndiaAbstract
The study of changes in social and cultural life of the Hill Kharias of Mayurbhanj in Odisha is an important aspect of the tribal development of India. Among the total existing 62 tribes of Odisha, 13 tribes are ethno-cultural primitive tribal groups (PTGs). Later, these 13 primitive tribal groups (PTGs), including the Hill Kharia tribe of Mayurbhanj in Odisha, have been identified by the Government of India as PVTGs. The Hill Kharias are mostly living in Jashipur as well as Karanjia Block areas of Mayurbhanj district of Odisha, and they were residing many years ago in the Similipal hill range. After movement slowly, they spread to other blocks of Maryubhanj district like Bisoi, Baripada, Suliapada, Shamakhunta, Morada, Udala, Koptipada, etc. The Hill Kharia people belong to the Sal clan organisation. Forest is the key source for their livelihood, and for that they should worship different trees like Sal trees (Sala gachha), some many different trees, and many others. The aim of this article is to highlight the development and change of the Hill Kharias of Mayurbhanj in respect of various aspects like their family life,educational, housing and settlement, health and hygiene,, village council, economic,religious practice,dance, etc. as far as practicable on the part of present authors. For the writing of this article, both the primary and secondary sources are methodologically used by the authors.
Downloads
References
1. Soni, L.N. (2008). “Rural Development and Social Change: Ethnographic Perspective and Development Prospects of the Kolgha," in R. M. Sarkar (ed.), Primitive Tribal Groups in India: Tradition, Development & Transformation, Serials publications, New Delhi.
2. Chandra, R. & Ahmad, S.I. (eds.), (2005). Development and regionalism. Anthropological, Ecological, and Psychological Perspective, Kolakata, Anthropological Survey of India.
3. Vidyarthi, L.P., and Rai, B.K. (1985). Tribal Culture of India, Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi.
4. Ota, A.B. (2008). Primitive Tribal Groups of Odisha, Schedule Cate, and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute, Bhubaneswar.
5. Sarkar, R. M. (2008). Social Change and Development Primitive Tribal Groups in India, Serials Publications, New Delhi.
6. Patnaik, N. (2003). “Essential Forest Produce in Orissa, in Man and Forest Series no. 04, D. K. Print World (P) Ltd., New Delhi.
7. Senapati, N. & Sahu, N. K., eds. (1967). Orissa District Gazetteers Mayarbhanj, Orissa Government Press; Cuttack.
8. Ota., A.B., Mohanty, S.C., T. Sahu, & Mohanty, B.N. (2008). Primitive Tribal Groups of Odisha, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute (SC& ST RTI), Bhubaneswar.
9. Tribes in Odisha (2015). Edited by Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute (SC& ST RTI), Bhubaneswar.
10. Ota, A.B., and Sahoo, T., The Hill Kharia (Photo Handbook Series 8), Scheduled Castes & Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha.
11. Sinha, S., and Sharma, B. D. (1977). Primitive Tribes: The First Step, New Delhi: Minister of Home Affairs, Govt. of India.
12. Mohanty, P.K. (2017). Encyclopedia of Primitive Tribes in India, Vol. 1, Kalpaz Publications; Satyawati Nagar, Delhi.
13. Report Mid-Term Review of Schemes of PTG Development As Per CCD Plan, 2007-2012, HKMDA, Jashipur, Mayurbhan District Orissa, Edited by SC & ST Research and Training Institute Bhubaneswar, Govt. of Odisha.
14. Census of India Report (2011). Government of India
15. Vidhyarthi, L. P., & Upadhyay, V. S. (1980). The Kharia Then and Now (A Comparative Study of Hill Kharia, Dhelki, and Dudh Kharias of the Central Eastern Region of India), Concept Publishing, New Delhi.
16. www. Scstrit.in
17. Sinha, K. P. & Behera, M., Report-Changing Socio-Economic condition and livelihood of geographically isolated tribal community in Kandhamal and KBK district of Orissa, submitted to Planning Commission Government of India, Yojana Bhawan Parliament Street, New Delhi, India.
18. Ota, A.B. and Mahanty, S.C. (2008).Primitive Tribe Groups of Odisha, SC&STRTI, CRPF Square,
Bhubaneswar.
19. Patnaik, N. (2005). Primitive Tribes of Orissa and their Development strategies, Printed D.K. Print
World (P) Ltd., New Delhi.
20. Sinha, D. (2010). The Hill Kharia of Purulia, Publishing by the Director Anthropological Survey of India
Government of India, 27 Jawaharlal Nehru Road, Calcutta.
21. Tribal of Odisha (Revised Edition: 2004). SC& STRTI, Bhubaneswar.
22. Mohanta, S. (2014). An Education status of Jhenai village of Sahmakhunta Block, Mayurbhanj, Odisha,
A dissertation report submitted to Department of Anthropology and Tribal Studies, North Orissa
University, Takatpur, Baripada.
23. Adelphie.blogspot.com
24. www.odisah.gov.in
25. Devikaduar, R. (2014). Tribal Women Development: Special Attention to self-help Groups of Hill
Kharias’ Jhinei village, Shamakhunta block, Mayurbhanj, Odisha.
26. Jena, M.K., Pathi, P., Ota, A. B., and Seeland, K. (2013). Traditional Medicine in Tantric Traditions, in
ADIVASI, Vol. 53, Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe Research Training Institute, Bhubaneswar,
Odisha, India.
27. Samal, A. (2001). Tribal Development Administration: Case Study of a District in Orissa (Ph.D.
Thesis), Institute of Development Studies, University of Mysore, Mysore.
28. www.phdmaodisha.nic.in)
29. Ota, A. B. (2009). Pahadi Khadia (Odia book), Academy of Tribal Languages & Cultural Adivasi
Exhibition Ground, Bhubaneswar.
30. Upadhyay, V. S. (2000). Hill Kharia/Sabar, Jharkhand tribal welfare Research Institute, Ranchi.
31. Roy, S.C., and Roy, R.C. (1937). The Kharia, Vol. I, Published by the Author, Man in India office,
Church Road, Ranchi.
32. Rath, R. (2011). “Development and Cultural Change Among Tribal of Kandhamal”, in Orissa Reviews,
Cuttack.
33. Padhi, B. C. (1992). Socio-Economic Condition the Tribe under the British Rule (1803-1936), Punthi
Pustik, Cuttack.
34. Vidyarthi, L. P., and Rai, B. K. (1985). Tribal Culture of India, Concept Publishing Company, New
Delhi.
35. Mishra, P. K. (2001). Mayurbhanj Itihasa O Sanskruti Mukshayadhara (Odia book), Published by
Vidyapuri Balubazar, Cuttack.
36. Behuria, R. K. (2006). “Chhau Dance of Mayurbhanj," in Orissa Review, Government Press, Cuttack.
37. Mangaraj, B. K. and Aparajita, U. (2008). “Socio-Economic impact assessment of Development
Programmes in Micro-Project”, in ADIVASI Journal, Vol. 48, Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes
Research and Training Institute (SCSTRTI), Bhubaneswar, Orissa.
38. Census report 2011.
39. Vidyarthi, L. P., and Upadhyay, V. S. (1980). THE KHARIA: THEN AND NOW, A Comparative study of
Hill, Dhelki and Dudh Kharias of the Central-Eastern Region of India, Concept Publishing Company
New Delhi.
40. www.opelip.org
41. olm.nic.in
42. Ota , A.B. and Sahoo, T., The Hill Kharia (Photobook Series 8). Scheduled Castes & Scheduled
Tribes Research and Training Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha.
43. Rout, N. (2015). “Tribal Development and Adivasi Resistance in Post-Colnial Orissa (1947-2010)”, in
Orissa Review, Government Press, Cuttack.
44. Ota, A. B., Mohanty, B. N. and Mohapatra, S. K, (2014).Statistical Hand book of Tribal Sub Plan (TSP) Block in Odisha, Published by Director Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute Government of Odisha.
45. Mohapatra, K. (1984).Tribal Language and Culture, A.T.D.C, Bhubaneswar, Odisha.
46. Devkadura, R. (2014). Tribal Women Development :Special attention to self Help Groups of Hill Kharias of Jhene village, Shamakhunta block, Mayurbhanj, (a dissertation) Odisha, Anthropoligy and Tribal Studies NOU, Baripada, Mayurbhanj, Odisha.
47. Steward, J.H. (1955). Theory of Culture Change, Urban: University of Illinois Press.
48. Sahoo, L. K. (2011). “Socio-Economic Profile of Tribal Populations in Mayurbhanj and Keonjhar District”, in Orissa Review, Government Press,Cuttack.
49. Bhowmic, P. K., (2013).Primitive Tribal Groups in Eastern India, Welfare and Evaluation, Gyan publishing house 23, Main Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi.
50. Government Report on "Tribes in Odisha”, (2015). Edited by Scheduled Castes & Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha.
51. Patnaik, Satyendra (2010). “Educating the Tribal Children-The KISS Way”, in Ota, A.B. , Bara, F. and Patnaik, K., eds. , Dimension of Tribal Education in Odisha, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute, Government of Odisha, Bhubaneswar.
52. KISS Annual Report (2015-2016), Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 AUTHOR
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
