SYNTHESIZE OF GEL POLYMER ELECTROLYTES FOR HIGH CONDUCTIVITY AND GOOD CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY

Authors

  • Sethuprakhash V. Department of Engineering Technology, Faculty of Technical and Vocational, University Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak Malaysia Author
  • Hafizah Rajaa Shaari Department of Engineering Technology, Faculty of Technical and Vocational, University Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak Malaysia Author
  • Shah A. Department of Engineering Technology, Faculty of Technical and Vocational, University Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak Malaysia Author
  • Kesevan Nallaluthan Faculty of Management and Economics, University Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim, Perak Malaysia Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61841/xsg96v26

Keywords:

Gel polymer electrolytes (GPE), methanesulfonic acid (MSA), polyacrylamide (PAAm), Zinc-air batteries, Tin-air Batteries

Abstract

Ionic conductivity for gel polymer electrolytes (GPE) is obtained, and the polymers are used in zinc-air and tin-air battery applications. The gel polymer consists of methanesulfonic acid (MSA) as additives and polyacrylamide (PAAm) as host polymer. The objective of this work is to synthesize one GPE which gives high conductivity and good cyclic voltammetry The PAAm-MSA gel electrolytes were prepared with different concentration of MSA. The chemical interaction between PAAm and MSA was studied by FTIR. The impedance spectroscopy technique has been employed to compare the ionic conductivity of these polymer electrolytes. The ionic conductivity of the PAAm (~10-2 S/cm) electrolyte increases by an order of magnitude to ~10-1 S/cm. It was observed that when 3.0 M of MSA is added into the host hydrogel polymer, the ionic conductivity is enhanced from 4.9 × 10-2 S/cm to 7.1 × 10-1 S/cm. The best GPE synthesized in this work is 3.6M PAAm-MSA. 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Liu, T., Chang, Z., Yin, Y., Chen, K., Zhang, Y., Zhang, X. The PVDF-HFP Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Li-O2 battery. Solid State Ionics, 2018, 318, 88–94.

2. Masri, M.N., and Mohamad, A.A. Effect of Adding Potassium Hydroxide to an Agar Binder for Use as the Anode in Zn-Air Batteries. Corrosion Science, 2009, 51(12), 3025–3029 DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2009.08.027

3. Zhao, Y., Huang, G., Zhang, G., Peng, C., and Pan, F. Effect of Phosphate and Vanadate as Electrolyte Additives On The Performance Of Mg-Air Batteries. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2018, 218, 256–261. doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2018.07.037

4. Mohamad, A. A. Electrochemical Properties Of Aluminum Anodes In Gel Electrolyte-Based Aluminum-Air Batteries. Corrosion Science, 2008, 50, 12, 3475–3479. DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2008.09.001

5. Kim, M., Ju, H., and Kim, J. Single Crystalline Bi2Ru2O7 Pyrochlore Oxide Nanoparticles as Efficient Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst for Hybrid Na-Air Batteries. Chemical Engineering Journal 2019, 358 , 11-19

6. Sumathi, S., Sethuprakash, V., Basirun, W.J., Zainol, I., and Sookhakian, M. Polyacrylamide-methanesulfonic Acid Gel Polymer Electrolytes For Tin-Air Battery. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 2014, 69(3), 480–487. DOI: 10.1007/s10971-013-3247-7

7. Liu, Y., Sun, Q., Li, W., Adair, K.R., Li, J., and Sun, X. A Comprehensive Review on Recent Progress in Aluminum-Air Batteries. Green Energy & Environment, 2017, 2(3), 246-277

8. Rahman, M.A., Wang, X., and Wen, C. High Energy Density Metal-Air Batteries: A Review. J. Electrochem. Soc., 2013, 160(10), A1759–A1771.

9. Karan, N.K., Pradhan, O.K., Thomas, Thomas, Natesan, Natesan, B., Katiyar, and R.S. Solid Polymer Electrolytes Based On Polyethylene Oxide And Lithium TrifluoroMethane Sulfonate (PEO-LiCF3SO3): Ionic conductivity and dielectric relaxation. Solid State Ionics, 2008, 179 (19-20), 689–696, dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ssi.2008.04.034 10. Neburchilov, V., Martin, J., Wang, H., and Zhang, J. A Review Of Polymer Electrolyte Membranes For Direct Methanol Fuel Cells. Journal of Power Sources, 2007, 169, 2, 221-238.

11. Aziz, S.B., Woo, T.J. Kadir, M.F.Z., and Ahmed, H.M. A Conceptual Review On Polymer Electrolytes And Ion Transport Models. Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices, 2018, 3(1), 1–17.

12. Kim, Y.B., Kim, I.T., Song, M.J., Shin, M.W. Synthesis of a Polyacrylonitrile/Tetrachloro-1, 4-Benzoquinone Gel Polymer Electrolyte For High-Performance Li-Air Batteries. Journal of Membrane Science, 2018, 563, 835–842.

13. Huang, Y., Huang, Y., Liu, B., Cao, H., Zhao, L., Song, A., and Zhang, Z. Gel Polymer Electrolyte Based On p(acrylonitrile-maleic anhydride) for Lithium Ion Battery. Electrochimica Acta, 2018, 286, 242–251.

14. Zhu, Y., Xiao, S., Shi, Y., Yang, Y., Hou, Y., and Wu, Y., A Composite Gel Polymer Electrolyte With High Performance Based On Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) and Polyborate for Lithium Ion Batteries. Adv. Energy Mater., 2014, 4, 1300647.

15. Lu, Q., Fang, J., Yang, J., Miao, R., Wang, J., and Nuli, Y. Novel Cross-Linked Copolymer Gel Electrolyte Supported By Hydrophilic Polytetrafluoroethylene For Rechargeable Lithium Batteries. Journal of Membrane Science, 2014, 449, 176–183.

16. Zhai, W., Zhu, H., Wang, L., Liu, X., and Yang, H. Study of PVDF-HFP/PMMA Blended Micro-Porous Gel Polymer Electrolyte Incorporating Ionic Liquid [BMIM]BF4 for Lithium-ion Batteries. Electrochimica Acta, 2014, 133, 623–630.

17. Gentili, V Panero, S., Reale, P., and Scrosati, B. Composite Gel-Type Polymer Electrolytes for Advanced, Rechargeable Lithium Batteries. Journal of Power Sources, 2007, 170(1), 185–190.

18. Foong, Y.W. Borotungstic Acid (BWA)-Polyacrylamide (PAM) Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Electrochemical Capacitors. 2017, University of Toronto

19. Lassègues, J., Grondin, J., Hernandez, M., and Marée B. Proton Conducting Polymer Blends and Hybrid Organic Inorganic Materials. Solid State Ionics 145, 2001, (1–4), 37–45.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2738(01)00909-2

20. Oishi, A., Matsuoka, H., Yasuda, T., and Watanabe, M. Novel Styrene/Nphenylmaleimide Alternating Copolymers With Pendant Sulfonimide Acid Groups For Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Applications Cations. J Mater Chem 19, 2009, 514–521, DOI: 10.1039/B815390F

21. Tang, C., and Zhou, D. Methanesulfonic Acid Solution As Supporting Electrolyte For Zinc-Vanadium Redox Battery Electrochim. Acta 65, 2012, 179–184.

22. Li, J., Suo, Z., Vlassak, J.J., and Stiff, J.J. Strong and Tough Hydrogels With Good Chemical Stability, Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2014, 2, 6708-6713.

23. Sumathi, S. Enhancement of Ionic Conductivity in Polyacrylamide-Based Polymer Electrolytes for Tin-Air Batteries. 2017, Sultan Idris Education University

24. Coates, J. Interpretation of Infrared Spectra, A Practical Approach, Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry, R.A. Meyers (Ed.), John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, 2000, 10815-10837.

25. Lehtonen, O., Hartikainen, J., Rissanen, K., and Ikkala, O. Hydrogen Bonding And Protonation In Acid-Base Complexes: Methanesulfonic Acid-Pyridine, The Journal of Chemical Physics, 2002, 116, 6, 2417-2424.

26. Murugan, R. FTIR and Polarised Raman Spectra of Acrylamide and Polyacrylamide, 1998, 32(4).

Downloads

Published

30.04.2020

Issue

Vol. 24 No. 2 (2020): 24 (2) 2020

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2020 AUTHOR

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

You are free to:

  1. Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
  2. Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
  3. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.

Under the following terms:

  1. Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
  2. No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

Notices:

You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .

No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.

How to Cite

V., S., Rajaa Shaari, H., A., S., & Nallaluthan, K. (2020). SYNTHESIZE OF GEL POLYMER ELECTROLYTES FOR HIGH CONDUCTIVITY AND GOOD CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(2), 5459-5471. https://doi.org/10.61841/xsg96v26