Attitude and Behaviour of Society towards Transport Carbon Emission Pollution in Sintok, Kedah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/xv89vk88Keywords:
Behaviour, Cognitive, Affective, Conative, Carbon EmissionAbstract
Carbon emission pollution and its effect on society have attracted international attention due to environmental, social, and economic problems. However, it appears that society’s attitude and behaviour are still unclear about the effects of carbon emissions from transport as atmospheric pollutants. The purpose of this research is to study society’s behaviour using the Tripartite Model of Attitude (TMA) as the underpinning theory towards transportation with low carbon emissions in Sintok, Kedah. A quantitative approach has been used by using self-administered survey questionnaires adopting a 5-point Likert scale with validated multi-item scale measurements. A quota sampling technique was used to sample 192 respondents from society in Sintok, Kedah. Dependent variable is behaviour with a single dimension. The independent variables are three components of attitude, namely cognition, affection, and conation. Multiple regression has been used for data analysis and hypothesis testing. This research explored the behavior of society using attitude sub-dimensions towards transportation with low carbon emissions in Sintok, the state of Kedah, Malaysia. The main finding is that cognitive a sub-dimension of attitude is not supported. However, affective and conative are supported.
Downloads
References
[1] Abaidullah, M. (2017). Attitudinal loyalty, brand value and brand loyalty in the agriculture produce retail industry, PhD Thesis, UniversitiTeknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia
[2] Bazrbachi, A., Sidique, S. F., Shamsudin, M. N., Radam, A., Kaffashi, S., & Adam, S. U. (2017). Willingness to pay to improve air quality: A study of private vehicle owners in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Journal of Cleaner Production, 148, 73-83. https://doi.org.10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.01.035
[3] Breckler, S. J. (1984). Empirical validation of affect, behavior, and cognition as distinct components of attitude. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 1191-1205. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-4870(89)90058-5
[4] Brick, C. & Lewis, G. J. (2016). Unearthing the “green” personality: Core traits predict environmentally friendly behaviour. Environment and Behaviour, 48(5), 635–658.
[5] Caravaggio, N., Caravella, S., Ishizaka, A., & Resce, G. (2019). Beyond CO2: A multi-criteria analysis of air pollution in Europe. Journal of Cleaner Production, 219, 576-586. https://doi.org.10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.02.115
[6] Chen, H., Long, R., Niu, W., Feng, Q., & Yang, R. (2014). How does individual low-carbon consumption behaviour occur? An analysis based on attitude process. Applied Energy, 116, 376-386. https://doi.org.10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.11.027
[7] Cranston, G. R. & Hammond, G. P. (2010). North and south: regional footprints on the transition pathway towards a low-carbon global economy. Applied Energy, 87(9), 2945-2951.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.08.015
[8] Cui, X., Newman, S., Xu, X., Andrews, A. E., Miller, J., Lehman, S., Fischer, M. L. (2019). Atmospheric observation-based estimation of fossil fuel CO2 emissions from regions of central and southern California. Science of the Total Environment, 664, 381-391. https://doi.org.10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.081
[9] Ding, Z., Jiang, X., Liu, Z., Long, R., Xu, Z., & Cao, Q. (2018). Factors affecting low-carbon consumption behaviour of urban residents: A comprehensive review. Resources, Conservation, and Recycling, 132, 3-15. https://doi.org.10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.01.013
[10] Gifford, R., & Nilsson, A. (2014) Personal and social factors that influence pro-environmental concern and behaviour: A review. International Journal of Psychology, 49(3), 141–157.
[11] Hair Jr., J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling: Rigorous Applications, Better Results, and Higher Acceptance. Long Range Planning, 46(1-2), 1-12. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2013.01.001
[12] Chan, J. & Li, D. (2014). Significant life experiences on the formation of environmental action among Chinese college students. Environmental Education Research, 21(4), 612-630. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2014.927830
[13] Malhotra, N. K. (2005). Attitude and affect: new frontiers of research in the 21st century. Journal of Business Research, 58(4), 477-482. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(03)00146-2
[14] Malhotra, N. K., Birks, D. F., & Wills, P. (2012). Marketing research: An applied approach (4th ed.). Harlow: Pearson Education Limited
[15] Mardani, A., Streimikiene, D., Cavallaro, F., Loganathan, N., & Koshnoudi, M. (2019). Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and economic growth: A systematic review of two decades of research from 1995 to 2017. Science of the total environment, 649, 31-49.
[16] Rasiah, R., Al-Amin, A. Q., Ahmed, A., Filho, W. L., & Calvo, E. (2017). Climate mitigation roadmap: assessing low carbon scenarios for Malaysia. Journal of Cleaner Production, 133, 272-283. https://doi.org.10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.05.145
[17] Suhartanto, D. (2011). An examination of brand loyalty. PhD Thesis Lincoln University, New Zealand.
[18] Waygood, E. O. D. & Avineri, E. (2016). Communicating transportation carbon dioxide emissions information: does gender impact behavioural response? Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 48, 187–202.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 AUTHOR

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.