Learning Support for Pre-University Students: Comparison of Gender and Class Streams
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/gjj1h697Keywords:
Parent Support, Peer Support, Pre-University Students, Teacher Support.Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the learning support for pre-university students in managing their Pengajian Am course works in the state of Perak. Learning support in the context of this study refers to support from parents, teachers, peers and the school environment in assisting pre-university students to complete their course works. This study involves 425 pre-university students. Semester 2 students were randomly selected from different backgrounds including different gender and class streams. Research data were collected through questionnaires and then analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science software version 25.0. Findings show a high level of learning support received by pre-university students in Perak. In addition, significant differences were observed in learning support among pre-university students on the basis of gender and class streams. Results are intended to serve as a guide for parents, teachers, peers and school in enhancing learning support to assist pre-university students in completing their coursework and can serve as a route for future studies.
Downloads
References
[1] Ahmad, A., & Jinggan, N. (2015). The impacts of teacher’s competency and teaching skills on students’ academic achievement in history subject. Journal of Asia Pacific Curriculum & Teaching, 3(2), 1-11.
[2] Arbaa, R., Jamil, H., & Razak, N.A. (2010). Student-teacher relationship and its relevancy with student learning commitment: Can quality teachers produce different learning impacts on students of different genders. Journal of Education Malaysia, 35(2), 61-69.
[3] Asha’ari, N.L., & Omar, M.F. (2018). Factors that influence semester one students in choosing electrical engineering course in Kota Kinabalu Polytechnic for June 2018 academic session. 1st International Multidisciplinary Academic Conference, pp. 1-13.
[4] Aziz, M.N.A., & Ahmad, N.S. (2008). Learning skills and its relationship with academic achievement: A case study at Kerian District in Perak. Journal of Educators and Education, 23, 29-47.
[5] Azizi, Y., & Jumat, A.M. (2010). Peers negative influence. pp. 1-4.
[6] Bayraka, B.K., & Altuna, S. (2009). Is there any difference between learning styles of student science teachers in relation to both their grade and gender? Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1, 765–770.
[7] Brook, R., Brooks, S., & Goldstein, S. (2012). The power of mindsets: Nurturing engagement, motivation, and resilience in student. In L. Sandy Christenson, Amy L. Reschly & Cathy Wylie (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Student Engagement. New York: Springer, pp. 541-562.
[8] Check, J., & Schutt, R. K. (2012). Research Methods in Education. California: Sage Publications.
[9] Chohan, B.I., & Khan, R.M. (2010). Impact of parental support on the academic performance and self-concept of the student. Journal of Research and Reflections in Education, 4, 14-26.
[10] Chong, O.S., Mahamod, Z., & Yamat, H. (2013). Factors of gender, races, class streaming and the relationship with emotional intelligence among students in learning Malay language subject. Malay Language Education Journal, 3(1), 12-23.
[11] Chua, Y.P. (2006). Research Methods and Statistics. Kuala Lumpur: McGraw-Hill.
[12] Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
[13] Demirkan, H., & Demirbas, O. (2010). The effects of learning styles and gender on the academic performance of interior architecture students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2, 1390-1394.
[14] Hattie, J. (2003). Teachers Make a Difference. What is the Research Evidence? Australian Council for Educational Research Annual Conference on Building Teacher Quality. New Zealand: University of Auckland.
[15] Idris, N. (2013). Research in Education. Kuala Lumpur: McGraw-Hill.
[16] Jelas, M.Z., Rahman, S., Baki, R., & Ahmad, J. (2005). Academic performance based on gender. Journal of Education, 30, 93-111
[17] Konting, M.M. (1998). Teacher effectiveness: The beliefs of effective Malay language teachers. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 6(1), 1-12.
[18] Konting, M.M. (2005). Educational Research Methodology. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa & Pustaka.
[19] Krejcie, R.V., & Morgan, D.W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30, 607-610.
[20] Lam, S. F., Jimerson, S., Kikas, E. Cefai, C., Verga, F. H., Nelson, B., Hatzichristou, C., Polychroni, F., Basnett, J., Duck, R., Farrell, P., Liu, Y., Negovan, V., Shin, H., Stanculescu, E., Wong, B. P. H., Yang, H., & Zollneritsch,
J. (2012). Do girls and boys perceive themselves as equally engaged in school? The result of an international study from 12 countries. Journal of School Psychology, 50(1), 77-94.
[21] Mahaffy, K.A. (2004). Girls' low self-esteem: How is it related to later socioeconomic achievements? Gender & Society, 18(3), 309–327.
[22] Malaysian Examinations Council. (2012). Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Ministry of Education.
[23] Merriam, S.B. (2001). Qualitative Research and Case Study Applications in Education. San Francisco: Josey-Bass.
[24] Murray, C. (2009). Parents and teacher relationship as predictors of school engagement and functioning among low – income urban youth. Journal of Early Adolescence, 29(3), 376-404.
[25] Nunnally, J.C. (1978). Psychometric Theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
[26] Ogutu, M.D. (2017). Education system change – Perspectives from Kenya. https://www.brookings. edu/opinions/education-system-changeperspectives-from-kenya/.
[27] Pallant, J. (2016). SPSS Survival Manual: A Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis Using SPSS Program. London: McGraw-Hill Education.
[28] Ponto, J. (2015). Understanding and evaluating survey research. Journal of the Advanced Practitioner in Oncology, 6(2),168–171.
[29] Rasib, A.A., & Maat, A.M. (2018). The interests of students in higher learning institutes towards STEM and career in STEM. National Seminar, Council of Educational Deans in Public University.
[30] Ryan, M. (2014). The Peer Group as a context for the Development of Young Adolescent Motivation and Achievement. Child Development, 72(4), 1135 – 1180.
[31] Salleh, M.J., Kamin, M., & Henry, J.F. (2012). A Study on factors influencing student achievement in the lower secondary assessment in Sabah. Labuan International Conference in Educational Research.
[32] Shaarani, N., Sabri, M.F.M., Karim, N.R.A., Shahwahid, F.M., & Tonot. H. (2015). A study on the relationship between parental support and student academic performance at International Islamic University College Selangor (KUIS). 2nd International Conference on Management and Muamalah.
[33] Simons-Morton, B., & Chen, R. (2009). Peer and parents’ influences on school engagement among early adolescents. Youth Society, 41(1), 3-25.
[34] Singleton R.A., & Straits B.C. (2009). Approaches to Social Research. New York: Oxford University Press.
[35] Tabachnick, B.G., & Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics. Boston: Pearson.
[36] Wang, M.T., & Holcombe, R. (2010). Adolescents’ perception of school environment, engagement, and academic achievement in middle school. American Behavioural Research Journal, 47(3), 633-662.
[37] Wiersma, W. (2000). Research Methods in Education: An Introduction. London: Allyn & Bacon.
[38] Yahaya, A., & Norhashimah, I. (2011). Factors in selecting courses and learning problems and their influences on academic achievement among form four students from technical stream at three technical schools in Negeri Sembilan. Journal of Technical, Vocational & Engineering Education, 2, 93-106.
[39] Yunus, H.M. (2016). Supports from School and Classroom Cultural Environments in Enhancing Soft Skills among Students. Selangor: National University of Malaysia.
[40] Yusoff, H.M., & Azman, N. (2020). Gender difference in students’ achievement: Relationship with engagement and learning support. Southeast Asia Psychology Journal, 10, 90-110.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
