Measuring the Mediating Effect of Cultural Diversity: An Investigation of Strategic Leadership's Role on Innovation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/41d88b67Keywords:
Strategic Leadership (SL), Cultural Diversity (CD), Innovation (INN)Abstract
The purpose is to identify the influence of strategic leadership via the mediation of cultural diversity toward innovation in the workplace of Abu Dhabi Police administration in UAE via cultural diversity. A quantitative research approach and questionnaire procedures were followed to collect data from the UAE police administration’s employees. The self-administrative questionnaires were distributed to get valid answers from the employees. Thus, 500 questionnaires were distributed in total, 100 above branches, and 470 valid questionnaires were collected. PLS (Partial Least Square) was used to analyze the linear regression model by projecting the predicted variables and the observable variables to a new space to get the results and hypothesis support. The finding of the study has shown that the variables are separately reliable and valid to support this study. This study has shown the values as contributing to the innovation and leadership approaches, specifically strategic leadership and innovation. The model has significantly been noted to police administration in terms of future progression.
Downloads
References
[1] M.A. Al-Mahmoud, “Water resources development in Qatar,” in Proc. 1st Gulf Water Conference, 1992.
[2] A.M. Alaajel, “A case study of police public relations in the United Arab Emirates Ministry of Interior.”
Media and Communication, 2005.
[3] M.S. Alkathiri, A.E. Abuelhassan, G.S.A. Khalifa, M. Nusari, and A. Ameen, “Ethical Leadership,
Affective Organizational Behaviour and Leader-Member Exchange as Predictors for Employees
Performance,” J. Eng. Appl. Sci., 14(19), pp. 6998–7012, 2019.
[4] S. Sendjaya, J.C. Sarros, and J.C. Santora, “Defining and measuring servant leadership behaviour in
organizations,” J. Manag. Stud., 45(2), pp. 402–424, 2008.
[5] D.J. Teece, “Business models, business strategy and innovation,” Long Range Plann., 43(2–3), pp. 172–
194, 2010.
[6] T.A.R.M. Alsaadi, A.E. Abuelhassan, G.S.A. Khalifa, A. Ameen, and M. Nusari, “Empowering Leadership
Predictors for Employees Creativity,” Int. Bus. Manag., 13(3), pp. 119–129, 2019.
[7] N.A.O.M. Alareefi, A.E. Abuelhassan, G.S.A. Khalifa, M. Nusari, and A. Ameen, “Employee’s Innovative
Behaviour: Evidence from Hospitality Industry,” Pakistan J. Soc. Sci., 16(1), pp. 14–29, 2019.
[8] S.J. Kline and N. Rosenberg, “An overview of innovation,” in Studies on Science and the Innovation
Process: Selected Works of Nathan Rosenberg, World Scientific, 2010, pp. 173–203.
[9] M.S. Mohamed, G.S.A. Khalifa, A.H. Al-Shibami, I. Alrajawi, and O. Isaac, “The Mediation Effect of
Innovation on the Relationship between Creativity and Organizational Productivity: An Empirical Study
within Public Sector Organizations in the UAE,” J. Eng. Appl. Sci., 14(10), pp. 3234–3242, 2019.
[10] L. Kogan, D. Papanikolaou, A. Seru, and N. Stoffman, “Technological innovation, resource allocation, and
growth,” Q. J. Econ., 132(2), pp. 665–712, 2017.
[11] G.S.A. Khalifa and E.H.A. Mewad, “Managing drivers and boundaries of information technology risk
management (ITRM) to increase Egyptian hotels market share,” Int. J. Recent Trends Bus. Tour., 1(1), pp.
12–31, 2017.
[12] P.P. Saviotti and A. Pyka, “Innovation, structural change and demand evolution: does demand saturate?,” J.
Evol. Econ., 27(2), pp. 337–358, 2017.
[13] A.T.T. Hussein, S.K. Singh, S. Farouk, and A.S. Sohal, “Knowledge sharing enablers, processes and firm
innovation capability,” J. Work. Learn., 28(8), pp. 484–495, 2016.
[14] L. Pasinetti, Structural economic dynamics. Cambridge University Press, 2006.
[15] R.S.H.A. Shamsi, A.A. Ameen, O. Isaac, A.H. Al-Shibami, and G. S. Khalifa, “The Impact of Innovation
and Smart Government on Happiness: Proposing Conceptual Framework.,” Int. J. Manag. Hum. Sci., 2(2),
pp. 10–26, 2018.
[16] G.S.A. Khalifa and N.M. Fawzy, “Measuring E-Service Quality (Expectation Vs. Perception) From Travel
Agencies’ Perspective: An Empirical Study on Egyptian Hotel Websites,” Int. J. Recent Trends Bus. Tour.,
1(3), pp. 36–48, 2017.
[17] B. Al-Jenaibi, “Satisfying public relations: The promise of social media in the UAE,” Int. J. E-Adoption,
5(1), pp. 1–16, 2013.
[18] A.S. Alkhateri, G.S.A. Khalifa, A.E. Abuelhassan, O. Isaac, and I. Alrajawi, “Antecedents for Job
Satisfaction in Ras-Al-Khaimah, Schools: Evidence from UAE,” J. Eng. Appl. Sci.,14(15), pp. 5097–5110,
2019.
[19] A. Yaghi and I. Yaghi, “Human resource diversity in the United Arab Emirates: empirical study,” Educ.
Bus. Soc. Contemp. Middle East. Issues, 6(1), pp. 15–30, 2013.
[20] T.H. Cox and S. Blake, “Managing cultural diversity: Implications for organizational competitiveness,”
Acad. Manag. Perspect., 5(3), pp. 45–56, 1991.
[21] N. Badran and G. Khalifa, “Diversity Management: Is it an Important Issue in Hotel Industry in Egypt?,”
Intlernational J. Heritage, Tour. Hosp., 7(2), pp. 275–286, 2016.
[22] O. Qoura and G.S. Khalifa, “The Impact of Reputation Management on Hotel Image among Internal
Customers: The Case of Egyptian Hotels,” Intlernational J. Heritage, Tour. Hosp., 7(2), pp. 261–274,
2016.
[23] M.A. Morsy, G.S. Ahmed, and N.A. Ali, “Impact of Effective Training on Employee Performance in Hotel
Establishments,” Int. J. Heritage, Tour. Hosp., 10(1/2), pp. 92–109, 2016.
[24] S.M. Godwin, “Globalization, education and emiratisation: A study of the United Arab Emirates,” Electron.
J. Inf. Syst. Dev. Ctries., 27(1), pp. 1–14, 2006.
[25] G. Hamel and C. K. Prahalad, “Strategy as stretch and leverage,” Harv. Bus. Rev.,71(2), pp. 75–84, 1993.
[26] J.G. Covin and D. P. Slevin, “The entrepreneurial imperatives of strategic leadership,” Strateg. Entrep.
Creat. a new mindset, pp. 307–327, 2017.
[27] B. Davies and B. J. Davies, “The strategic dimensions of leadership,” in School Leadership in the 21st
Century, Routledge, 2004, pp. 23–32.
[28] R.J. House and B. Shamir, “Toward the integration of transformational, charismatic, and visionary
theories.,” 1993.
[29] Mohamed Naser A.N. Alharthi and G.S.A. Khalifa, “Business Continuity Management and Crisis
Leadership: An Approach to Re-Engineer Crisis Performance within Abu Dhabi Governmental Entities,”
Int. J. Emerg. Technol., 10(1a), pp. 32–40, 2019.
[30] M.K. Al Falasi, M. S. Nusari, G. S. A. Khalifa, A. Ameen, and O. Issac, “Towards a Better Understanding
of Project Management Assets and Employee Performance of Quality: An Empirical Study Within StateOwned Enterprises (SOEs) in the UAE,” J. Eng. Appl. Sci., 14(19), pp. 6934–6946, 2019.
[31] R. Awamleh and W. L. Gardner, “Perceptions of leader charisma and effectiveness: The effects of vision
content, delivery, and organizational performance,” Leadersh. Q., 10( 3), pp. 345–373, 1999.
[32] D.F. Abell, Defining the business: The starting point of strategic planning. Prentice-Hall Englewood Cliffs,
NJ, 1980.
[33] Bandar Abdulla F. H. Alharthi, G. S. A. Khalifa, and A. Bhaumick, “Redesign University Operational
Performance through Strategic indicators, and Employees’ commitment,” Int. J. Innov. Technol. Explor.
Eng., 8(9), pp. 372–380, 2019.
[34] B.A.F.H. Alharthi, G.S.A. Khalifa, A. Ameen, O. Isaac, and A.H. Al-Shibami, “Investigating the Influence
of Strategic Planning on University Operational Performance: The Mediating Role of Organizational
Commitment in UAE,” Int. Bus. Manag., 13(2), pp. 49–62, 2019.
[35] A.S. Alkhateri, A.E. Abuelhassan, G.S.A. Khalifa, M. Nusari, and A. Ameen, “The Impact of Perceived
Supervisor Support on Employees Turnover Intention: The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction and
Affective Organizational Commitment,” Int. Bus. Manag., 12(7), pp. 477–492, 2018.
[36] M.S. Mohamed, G S.A. Khalifa, M. Nusari, A. Ameen, A.H. Al-Shibami, and A. E. Abuelhassan, “Effect
of Organizational Excellence and Employee Performance on Organizational Productivity Within
Healthcare Sector in the UAE,” J. Eng. Appl. Sci., vol. 13, no. 15, pp. 6199–6210, 2018.
[37] Z. Simsek, J.J.P. Jansen, A. Minichilli, and A. Escriba‐Esteve, “Strategic leadership and leaders in
entrepreneurial contexts: A nexus for innovation and impact missed?” J. Manag. Stud., 52(4), pp. 463–478,
2015.
[38] S. Alkutbi, I. Alrajawy, M. Nusari, G.S.A. Khalifa, and A.E. Abuelhassan, “Impact of Ease of Use and
Usefulness on the Driver Intention to Continue Using Car Navigation Systems in the United Arab
Emirates,” Int. J. Manag. Hum. Sci., 3(1), pp. 1–9, 2019.
[39] C.A. Montgomery, “Putting leadership back into strategy,” Harv. Bus. Rev., 86(1), pp. 54, 2008.
[40] H. Peretz, A. Levi, and Y. Fried, “Organizational diversity programs across cultures: effects on
absenteeism, turnover, performance and innovation,” Int. J. Hum. Resour. Manag., 26(6), pp. 875–903,
2015.
[41] M. Derex and R. Boyd, “Partial connectivity increases cultural accumulation within groups,” Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci., 113(11), pp. 2982–2987, 2016.
[42] O. Ibert and F.C. Müller, “Network dynamics in constellations of cultural differences: Relational distance
in innovation processes in legal services and biotechnology,” Res. Policy, 44(1), pp. 181–194, 2015.
[43] C. Boone, B. Lokshin, H. Guenter, and R. Belderbos, “Top management team nationality diversity,
corporate entrepreneurship, and innovation in multinational firms,” Strateg. Manag. J., 2019.
[44] M.R. Jeffreys, Teaching cultural competence in nursing and health care: Inquiry, action, and innovation.
Springer Publishing Company, 2015.
[45] C. López‐Duarte, M.M. Vidal‐Suárez, and B. González‐Díaz, “International business and national culture:
a literature review and research agenda,” Int. J. Manag. Rev., 18(4), pp. 397–416, 2016.
[46] M. Salman, “Hofstede dimensions of culture: A brief comparison of Pakistan and New Zealand,” 2015.
[47] C.S.B. Ngai and R.G. Singh, “Move structure and communication style of leaders’ messages in corporate
discourse: A cross-cultural perspective,” Discourse Commun., 11(3), pp. 276–295, 2017.
[48] J.G. Draguns and J. Tanaka-Matsumi, “Assessment of psychopathology across and within cultures: issues
and findings,” Behav. Res. Ther., 41(7), pp. 755–776, 2003.
[49] K.M. Leisinger, “Corporate responsibility in a world of cultural diversity and pluralism of values,” J. Int.
Bus. Ethics 8(2), 2015.
[50] A. Rodríguez-Pose and D. Hardy, “Cultural diversity and entrepreneurship in England and Wales,”
Environ. Plan. A, 47(2), pp. 392–411, 2015.
[51] M. Trax, S. Brunow, and J. Suedekum, “Cultural diversity and plant-level productivity,” Reg. Sci. Urban
Econ., 53, pp. 85–96, 2015.
[52] A. Baregheh, J. Rowley, and S. Sambrook, “Towards a multidisciplinary definition of innovation,” Manag.
Decis., 47(8), pp. 1323–1339, 2009.
[53] B.B. Allred and K.S. Swan, “Global versus multidomestic: culture’s consequences on innovation,” in
Management International Review, Springer, 2004, pp. 81–105.
[54] K. Efrat, “The direct and indirect impact of culture on innovation,” Technovation, 34(1), pp. 12–20, 2014.
[55] G.S.A. Khalifa and M.M. Hewedi, “Factors Affecting Hotel Website Purchasing Intentions: Evidence from
Egypt,” J. Fac. Tour. Hotel., 8(2), pp. 50–69, 2016.
[56] G.S.A. Khalifa and M.A.A. Abou-Shouk, “Investigating the Success Factors of Hotel Websites: The Case
of Egyptian Hotels,” Asia-Pacific J. Innov. Hosp. Tour., 3(2), pp. 1–21, 2014.
[57] F. Hull and J. Hage, “Organizing for innovation: Beyond Burns and Stalker’s organic type,” Sociology,
16(4), pp. 564–577, 1982.
[58] R.M. Kanter, “Three tiers for innovation research,” Communic. Res., 15(5), pp. 509–523, 1988.
[59] T. F. Murphy, “Striving for innovation–A Triple Helix exploration of how one Irish college is pursuing this
goal.” University of Sheffield, 2016.
[60] P. Rujirawanich, R. Addison, and C. Smallman, “The effects of cultural factors on innovation in a Thai
SME,” Manag. Res. Rev., 34(12), pp. 1264–1279, 2011.
[61] W. Al-Ali, A. Ameen, O. Isaac, G.S.A. Khalifa, and A. Hamoud, “The Mediating Effect of Job Happiness
on the Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance and Turnover Intentions : A Case
Study on the Oil and Gas Industry in the United Arab Emirates,” J. Bus. Retail Manag. Res., 13(4), pp. 1–
15, 2019.
[62] G.S.A. Khalifa, “The Egyptian Hotels, Where in the Competitive Environment? Competitive Strategies and
Market Orientation and its Impact on Customer Loyalty: The Mediating Role of Operational Performance,”
Int. J. Manag. Hum. Sci., 2(4), pp. 60–72, 2018.
[63] F.S. Berry and W.D. Berry, “Innovation and Diusion Models in Policy Research,” in Theories of the policy
process, Routledge, 2018, pp. 263–308.
[64] D. Acemoglu, U. Akcigit, H. Alp, N. Bloom, and W. Kerr, “Innovation, reallocation, and growth,” Am.
Econ. Rev., 108(11), pp. 3450–3491, 2018.
[65] M. Dodgson, Technological collaboration in industry: strategy, policy and internationalization in
innovation. Routledge, 2018.
[66] K. Urabe, J. Child, and T. Kagono, Innovation and management: International comparisons, 13. Walter de
Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, 2018.
[67] R.F. Lusch and S. Nambisan, “Service innovation: A service-dominant logic perspective.,” MIS Q., 39(1),
2015.
[68] A.G. Woodside and W.G. Biemans, “Modeling innovation, manufacturing, diffusion and adoption/rejection
processes,” J. Bus. Ind. Mark., 20(7), pp. 380–393, 2005.
[69] R. Adams, J. Bessant, and R. Phelps, “Innovation management measurement: A review,” Int. J. Manag.
Rev., 8(1), pp. 21–47, 2006.
[70] A.H. Van de Ven and E. M. Rogers, “Innovations and organizations: Critical perspectives,” Communic.
Res., 15(5), pp. 632–651, 1988.
[71] G. Hamel, “The why, what, and how of management innovation,” Harv. Bus. Rev., 84(2), pp. 72, 2006.
[72] A. Madrid‐Guijarro, D. Garcia, and H. Van Auken, “Barriers to innovation among Spanish manufacturing
SMEs,” J. Small Bus. Manag., 47(4), pp. 465–488, 2009.
[73] C. Le Bas, C. Mothe, and T.U. Nguyen-Thi, “The differentiated impacts of organizational innovation
practices on technological innovation persistence,” Eur. J. Innov. Manag., 18(1), pp. 110–127, 2015.
[74] J. O’Mahoney, “The diffusion of management innovations: The possibilities and limitations of memetics,”
J. Manag. Stud., 44(8), pp. 1324–1348, 2007.
[75] D.I. Prajogo and A. S. Sohal, “The integration of TQM and technology/R&D management in determining
quality and innovation performance,” Omega, 34(3), pp. 296–312, 2006.
[76] N.K. Malhotra, S.S. Kim, and J. Agarwal, “Internet users’ information privacy concerns (IUIPC): The
construct, the scale, and a causal model,” Inf. Syst. Res., 15(4), pp. 336–355, 2004.
[77] J.T. Bowen and S. Shoemaker, “Loyalty: A strategic commitment,” Cornell Hotel Restaur. Adm. Q., 44 (5–
6), pp. 31–46, 2003.
[78] J.M. Kleinberg, R. Kumar, P. Raghavan, S. Rajagopalan, and A.S. Tomkins, “The web as a graph:
measurements, models, and methods,” in International Computing and Combinatorics Conference, 1999,
pp. 1–17.
[79] J.F. Hair Jr, “Black, WC, Babin, BJ Anderson, RE & Tatham, RL (2006),” Multivar. Data Anal., 6, 2006.
[80] L.R. Flynn and D. Pearcy, “Four subtle sins in scale development: some suggestions for strengthening the
current paradigm,” Int. J. Mark. Res., 43(4), pp. 1–14, 2001.
[81] J. Hulland, “Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: A review of four recent
studies,” Strateg. Manag. J., 20(2), pp. 195–204, 1999.
[82] C.M. Ringle, S. Wende, and J.M. Becker, “SmartPLS 3. Bonningstedt: SmartPLS,” 2015. .
[83] J.C. Anderson and D. W. Gerbing, “Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended
two-step approach,” Psychol. Bull., 103(3), pp. 411–423, 1988.
[84] J.F. Hair, G.T.M. Hult, C. Ringle, and M. Sarstedt, A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation
Modeling (PLS-SEM), 2nd ed. London: Thousand Oaks: SAGE., 2017.
[85] R.E. Schumacker and R. G. Lomax, A Beginner’s Guide to Structural Equation Modeling. New York:
Lawrence Erlbaum, 2004.
[86] J.F. Hair, W. C. Black, B.J. Babin, and R.E. Anderson, Multivariate Data Analysis, 7th ed. New York:
Pearson, 2010.
[87] D. W. Barclay, C. Higgins, and R. Thompson, “The partial least square (PLS) approach to causal modeling:
Personal computer adoption and use as an illustration,” Technol. Stud., 2(2), pp. 285–309, 1995.
[88] V.R. Kannana and K.C. Tan, “Just in time, total quality management, and supply chain management:
understanding their linkages and impact on business performance,” Omega Int. J. Manag. Sci.,33(2), pp.
153–162, 2005.
[89] J.C. Nunnally and I. H. Bernstein, Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994.
[90] C.E. Werts, R.L. Linn, and K.G. Jöreskog, “Intraclass reliability estimates: Testing structural assumptions,”
Educ. Psychol. Meas., 34(1), pp. 25–33, 1974.
[91] R.B. Kline, Principles and practice of structural equation modeling, 3rd ed. New York: The Guilford Press,
2010.
[92] D. Gefen, D. Straub, and M.C. Boudreau, “Structural equation modeling and regression: Guidelines for
research practice,” Commun. Assoc. Inf. Syst., 4(1), pp. 1–79, 2000.
[93] C. Fornell and D.F. Larcker, “Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and
measurement error,” J. Mark. Res., 18(1), pp. 39–50, 1981.
[94] W.W. Chin, “Issues and opinion on structural equation modeling,” MIS Q., 22(1) pp. 7–16, 1998.
[95] Z. Awang, Structural Equation Modeling Using AMOS. Shah Alam.Malaysia: Penerbit Universiti
Teknologi MARA, 2014.
[96] G.M. Sullivan and R. Feinn, “Using Effect Size - or why the p Value is not enough,” J. Grad. Med. Educ.,
4(3), pp. 279–282, 2012.
[97] J. Cohen, Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, Second Ed. New York: Routledge, 1988.
[98] D. Gefen and E. E. Rigdon, “An Update and Extension to SEM Guidelines for Administrative and Social
Science Research,” MIS Q., 35(2), pp. 1–7, 2011.
[99] J. Fornell, C., & Cha, Partial least squares. In R.P. Bagozzi (Ed.). Advanced methods in marketing research
(pp. 52–78). Cambridge: Blackwell, 1994.
[100] R.M. O’brien, “A Caution Regarding Rules of Thumb for Variance Inflation Factors,” Qual. Quant., 41(5),
pp. 673–690, 2007.
[101] B.L. Bowerman and R. O’Connell, Linear Statistical Models: An Applied Approach, 2nd ed. Belmont, CA:
Duxbury, 1990.
[102] R.H. Myers, Classical and modern regression with applications, 2nd ed. Boston: MA: Duxbury, 1990.
[103] K.J. Preacher and A.F. Hayes, “SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple
mediation models,” Behav. Res. Methods, Instruments, Comput., 36(4), pp. 717–731, 2004.
[104] K.J. Preacher and A.F. Hayes, “Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect
effects in multiple mediator models,” Behav. Res. Methods, 40(3), pp. 879–891, 2008.
[105] M. Jorge Correia de Sousa and D. van Dierendonck, “Servant leadership and engagement in a merge
process under high uncertainty,” J. Organ. Chang. Manag., 27(6), pp. 877–899, 2014.
[106] O. Demirtas and A.A. Akdogan, “The effect of ethical leadership behavior on ethical climate, turnover
intention, and affective commitment,” J. Bus. Ethics, 130(1), pp. 59–67, 2015.
[107] P. Dass and B. Parker, “Strategies for managing human resource diversity: From resistance to learning,”
Acad. Manag. Perspect., 13(2), pp. 68–80, 1999.
[108] D.C. Hambrick and S. Finkelstein, “Managerial discretion: A bridge between polar views of organizational
outcomes.,” Res. Organ. Behav., 1987.
[109] C. Ozgen, P. Nijkamp, and J. Poot, “The impact of cultural diversity on innovation: evidence from Dutch
firm-level data,” 2011.
[110] A. Niebuhr, “Migration and innovation: Does cultural diversity matter for regional R&D activity?,” Pap.
Reg. Sci., 89(3), pp. 563–585, 2010.
[111] M. Nathan and N. Lee, “Cultural diversity, innovation, and entrepreneurship: Firm-level evidence from
London,” Econ. Geogr., 89(4), pp. 367–394, 2013.
[112] S.A. Eisenbeiss, D. van Knippenberg, and S. Boerner, “Transformational leadership and team innovation:
integrating team climate principles.,” J. Appl. Psychol., 93(6), pp. 1438, 2008.
[113] D.S. Elenkov, W. Judge, and P. Wright, “Strategic leadership and executive innovation influence: an
international multi‐cluster comparative study,” Strateg. Manag. J., 26(7), pp. 665–682, 2005.
[114] D.A. Williams, Strategic diversity leadership: Activating change and transformation in higher education.
Stylus Publishing, LLC., 2013.
[115] A. Chughtai, M. Byrne, and B. Flood, “Linking ethical leadership to employee well-being: The role of trust
in supervisor,” J. Bus. Ethics, 128(3), pp. 653–663, 2015.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 AUTHOR

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.