Epileptic Seizure development in Participants with Cerebral Venous Sinuses Thrombosis

<strong><em>Background: </em></strong><em>Cerebral venous sinuses thrombosis (CVST) is a condition with multi etiology, can complicate to epileptic seizure. The study aimed to determine the incidence of seizure and to estimate the exaggerating factors in participants with CVST.</em> <strong><em>Methods: </em></strong><em>An observational case-control study enrolled 30 participants  with  CVST.  Data  including  age,  gender,  clinical  features and focal neurologic signs were collected. Patients were followed up for one year from initial diagnosis to the recognize of epileptic seizure.</em> <strong><em>Results:</em></strong><em>The mean  age  of patients was 35.2±14.2 years. Females were represented 70%, whereas males were 30% of the patients. The duration of symptoms of CVST was 9.6±5.5 days with an average hospital admission of 8.4±6.1 days. The most frequent symptom was headache which documented in 47(94%) of patients. Regarding MRI brain findings, hemorrhagic lesions found in 32%, and infarction in 68%. The superior sagittal and lateral sinuses were the most sinuses involved. The changes on MRI includingpunctiform foci in 72%,extensive edematous in 50%, the ventricle dilation in 56%,about 48% of CVST presented in acute phase, 40% in subacute phase and 12% in chronic phase, the majority of foci sized less than 0.5 mm (33, 66%), and the clot appeared hyperintense on T1 MRI in 60%, hyperintense on T2 MRI in 22%, whereas FLAIR picture seen in 18%.There were (5, 10%) patients had only focal seizures, (10, 20%) experienced generalized seizures, and (5, 10%) suffered mix of both. There were no significant differences between CVST patients with and without seizures in terms of age, gender, duration of symptoms, symptoms, and hospitalization. MRI imaging findings, neither hemorrhagic lesion nor infarction showed a significant association with the presence of seizure. </em> <strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong><em>Iraqi people are at high risk to develop CVST. There are several signals in CVST patients to development of seizure as MRI findings, and occlusion site of sinuses. Awareness need to be rise and the monitoring must be undertake about  the risk  factors  for  the development  of  seizure  in  CVST patients.</em>