Bone Cement and Associated Failures with Total Hip Joint Replacement: A Review Study

Bone cement acts as a golden standard in the fixation procedurein orthopedics surgeries of the hip implant with the bone to induce stability and to increase implant longevity. Polymethyl methacrylate late bone cement is the most popularly employed enduring biomaterial in implant arthroplasty because it acts as an adhesive material that fills the space between the prosthetic joint and the surrounding bone tissue, thereby providing the patient with the necessary strength to carry out daily activities without assistance. It is the goal of this review to shed light on the present state of cementing techniques in total hip replacement surgery by describing the mechanical and physiological properties of bone cement as well as the cementing techniques used and the main challenges encountered when cementing implants associated with hip joint surgery are discussed. Aseptic loosening is believed to be one of the most popular reasons of failure of cemented hip implants. This impact is related to drawbacks in its mechanical integrity, cement mantle degradation, radiopacifier particles agglomeration, fatigue crack initiation, and mechanical loosening resulted from porosity. Therefore, a better understanding of these factors might induce an improved cement formulation to increase the survival rate of the cemented implant