Assessment of Bone Mass Density in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Zagazig University Hospitals

Background:Diabetes is associated with increased risk of fracture, although type 2 diabetes is often characterized by normal or high bone mineral density (BMD). Thus, diabetes may be associated with a reduction of bone strength that is not reflected in the measurement of BMD. The study aimed to measure and asses the bone mass density in type 2 diabetic patients using DEXA scan densitometer.Methods:This case control study were carried out on atotal number of ninty 90 participiants attending outpatient clinics of endocrinology units of internal medicine department at Zagazig University Hospitals. Participants were divided into two main groups: Group I: 30 healthy individual without diabetes mellitus “control group”. Group2: 60 type 2 diabetic patients “case group”. All subjects included in this study were subjected to the following: Full history taking and clinical examination including assessment of BMI.Special investigations: measurments of BMD using DEXA scan ;T score (the number of standard deviations above or below the mean for a healthy 30- yrs-old adult of the same sex and ethinicity as the patient).Measured areal density in G/CM2 ..Results:there was statistically significant difference between non-diabetic and diabetic groups regarding BMI. We reported a non statistically significant difference regarding age , sex. We noticed a statistically significant decreasment of BMD parameters for diabetics compared to non diabetic subjects. When we compared various patient groups we noticed about 38.3 % of diabetic patients had abnormal BMD. Factors correlated with abnormal BMD were either non-modifiable as duration of diabetes and menopause or non-modifiable as hyperglycemioa, hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia. Conclusion: T2DM negatively affect the bone strength through affection of BMD.