Etiology, Clinical Presentation, Pattern of fracture and Treatment Modalities rendered for Maxillofacial Injuries in Government Medical College and Hospital, Nizamabad, Telanganga, India: A Prospective Study

Background:India accounts for around 6% of the world’s road traffic accidents (RTA’s). The incidence of maxillofacial fractures differs from one country to another and significant variations depend on socio-economic, cultural, and environmental. Maxillofacial injuries can occur as an isolated injury or may be associated with multiple injuries to the head, chest, abdomen, spine and extremities. Aims & Objectives:This paper aims to highlight the pattern of maxillofacial fractures in Nizamabad district of Telangana state, India. Maxillofacial fractures are classified according to etiology, age group, gender and involvement of mid-face or mandible, treatment modalities rendered at our center. This is a prospective study with descriptive analysis of data. Material & Methods:This is a cross sectional study with descriptive analysis of the data. Demographic data included gender, age group, the region from where the patient represented. The clinical presentation of the fracture site, etiology, and associate injuries were included in the study. Data is analyzed using Microsoft software and results are presented as frequency tables and percentages. Inclusion Criteria: All patients presenting with maxillofacial trauma with or without associated injuries were included in the study. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Patients reporting for cosmetic improvement 2. Dento-facial deformities for Orthognathic surgery 3. Old cases of fractures 4. Results:Males are predominantly affected in the age group of 35-50 years of age contrary to other studies wherein younger age group is affected. Mid-face fractures had higher incidence. Open Reduction and Direct fixation using mini-plates remained the main stay of treatment. Discussion: Road traffic accidents are the main etiological factor for maxillofacial injuries. Influence of alcohol while driving creates a cumulative effect in causing accident and trauma. Patients are predominantly affected in the age group of 31-40 years of age. Mid-face fractures involving zygomatico-maxillary complex had higher incidence. Open Reduction and Direct fixation using mini-plates was used in majority of the patient’s.