The Impact of Air Particulate Concentration on Health and Economic Conditions of Residents in Surabaya

Air pollution can be defined as the infiltration of substance, energy, or other components into the ambient air due to human activities to the point that the quality of the air is descending into a certain a level, causing ambient air’s inability to fulfill its function which can affect human’s health. This study is conducted in Surabaya to review the impact of air particulate concentration toward people’s health and economic condition from October 2012 through February, 2014. Air pollution indicator used is particulate matter 10 (PM10) and PM2.5. Methods done for this study is literature study, descriptive research, sampling collection, and calculation of economic impact. This study is conducted to find out the effect of air pollution, particularly concentration of PM10 and PM2.5, towards health and economic condition of residents in Surabaya. The economic impact is measure by the amount of money spent due to health problems which includes mortality and morbidity. The technique used in this research involves two approaches which are epidemiology to assess the causality of PM10 and PM2.5 concentration level against health risks that occur, and economic valuation to estimate value in monetary unit against those healthy risks. The result of this study indicates that the quality of air in Surabaya contains PM2.5 concentrations which has exceeds its annual standard value according to Government Regulation No. 41 in 1999, which is 15.05 μg/m3 and 30.41 μg/m3 of PM10 concentration. Air pollution caused by PM10 and PM2.5 impacts residents of Surabaya in terms of the quality of health which is proven by the emergence of health cases suffered by residents of Surabaya. This impacts the economic sector in which every resident needs to endure health costs of 4.1% from their income as the negative effect (externality) of economic development.